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继电反馈PID控制器参数自整定
2022-07-06 07:35:00 【ba_wang_mao】
今天来给大家介绍一种控制算法参数的自动整定的方法,这种方法就叫基于继电反馈自整定。
一、继电反馈原理
通过在电路中加入有继电特性的非线性环节得到持续稳定的振荡,进而求得中间参数:临界增益和临界周期,结合整定公式实现对PID的参数整定。通过继电反馈产生持续的振荡作为对Z-N临界比例度法的一种改进。

图1.1 继电自整定结构框图


,


h为继电器幅值,a-为输出信号幅值。

图1.2 继电和控制对象频域响应曲线


由奈奎斯特稳定判据得:

得:

临界值可以粗略得到:

二、基于Z-N法的PID参数整定

| 控制器类型 | KP | Tn | Tv | Ki | Kd |
| P | 0.5*Kμ | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| PD | 0.8*Kμ | --- | 0.12*Tμ | --- | KP*Tn |
| PI | 0.45*Kμ | 0.85*Tμ | --- | KP/ Tn | --- |
| PID | 0.6*Kμ | 0.5*Tμ | 0.12*Tμ | KP/ Tn | KP*Tn |
三、继电反馈PID自整定流程介绍
1、先利用继电器使得系统震荡,震荡的过程为:当反馈小于期望值时,输出正满控制量;当反馈大于期望值时,输出负满控制量,使系统强行震荡。
2、测量系统震荡时的幅值与周期,就可以得到系统的临界增益与震荡周期(震荡周期由曲线相邻峰值得到)
3、根据得到的临界增益与震荡周期,由Z-N表获得所需的PID参数。

图3.1 继电反馈自整定PID控制器效果图

图3.2 系统震荡效果图
四、总结
继电反馈法整定PID参数能够整定出PID参数,效果较好。但在仿真过程中,PI效果差强人意。总体方案实现简单,适用性较强。继电反馈法自整定PID参数广泛应用于温控系统,其他适用场景不明确。
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