Cell reports: Wei Fuwen group of the Institute of zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences analyzes the function of seasonal changes in the intestinal flora of giant pandas

Reprinted from Meiji Biology ：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/4oZ0sUTdl3tbeT7lyEfRKQ

01

The article brief introduction

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110203

English title ：Seasonal shift of the gut microbiome synchronizes host peripheral circadian rhythm for physiological adaptation to a low-fat diet in the giant panda

Chinese title ： Seasonal changes in the gut microbiota of giant pandas synchronize the peripheral biological rhythms of the host , Physiological adaptation to low-fat diet

author ： Academician Wei Fuwen's team, etc

Time of publication ：2022  

publish Periodical ：Cell Reports  

Influencing factors ：9.423/Q1

Sample source ： Mouse intestinal mucosa + Colonic contents

Research methods ： Microbial diversity + Macro genome + Transcriptome + Metabonomics

02

Abstract

The characteristics of intestinal microbiota change synchronously with the changes of host diet . However , The potential impact of these fluctuations remains unclear . In this study , The author puts an endangered mammal ( panda ) Diet specific feces for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) Into a sterile mouse model . It turns out that , The number of Clostridium butyricum in bamboo shoot season is more than that in leaf season , This is consistent with the significant increase in host weight . After seasonal specificity FMT after , The microbiota of the mouse model is similar to that of the donor , Mice transplanted with microbiota from the shoot eating season grew faster , Store more fat . Mechanism research shows , Butyric acid prolongs liver circadian genes Per2 Up regulation of , Further, it increases the biosynthesis of phospholipids . Validation experiments further confirmed this causal relationship . This study shows that , Seasonal changes in gut microbiota can affect growth performance , It is helpful to have a deeper understanding of the host of wild mammals - Microbial interactions .

03

material With the method

Sample type ： panda 、 Mice

04

Results and discussion

1、 A high-resolution study of the intestinal microbiota of giant pandas shows , stay Bamboo shoot eating season , The relative abundance of Clostridium butyricum is high , May cause significant weight gain

Metagenomics and metaproteomics analysis both show , Clostridium is abundant , And there are significant differences between different seasons . Short chain fatty acids in feces (SCFAs) Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry （GC-MS） The analysis shows that , The contents of butyric acid and acetate in the bamboo shoot season were significantly higher than those in the leaf season . See the picture 1

chart 1： Sampling of giant panda feces and seasonal changes in the structure and function of intestinal microbiota

2．FMT The microbiota composition and body weight phenotype of mice show seasonal differences similar to those of giant pandas

By using the feces of the donor giant panda GF Mice were FMT testing , The effects of seasonal changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota of giant pandas on body weight and growth performance were discussed . The mice were divided into three groups , Including the transplantation of giant panda feces collection group ( abbreviation SFMT Group ), Transplantation of giant panda feces collection group ( abbreviation LFMT Group ), Mice were treated with phosphate buffered saline as the control group . The study found that LFMT Mice and SFMT There are differences in intestinal microbiota composition and fat storage in mice , This is consistent with the seasonal changes in the intestinal composition and weight accumulation of giant pandas . This indicates that the transplanted giant panda feces enter GF Mice are an effective way to study the function of this threatened mammalian intestinal microbiota . See the picture 2.

chart 2 16SrRNA Gene sequencing FMT The gut microbiota of post giant panda colonizes the gut of mice

3． The intestinal microbiota associated with the bamboo shoot season increases phospholipid circulation and fat storage in the host

In order to study the changes of metabolites in the liver and FMT The degree of correlation of metabolite circulation in mouse plasma , The authors integrated liver and plasma metabolomics data , To determine the metabolites that are up-regulated or down regulated in both data sets . All in all 212 Metabolites were identified as co regulated in plasma and liver . among , And LFMT Group comparison ,SFMT There were 8 The expression was significantly up-regulated , Include SM and PS. See the picture 3.

chart 3 LFMT and SFMT Liver metabolism and plasma metabolomics in mice

4、 Multiomics analysis and experimental verification show that , Butyrate produced by intestinal microbiota affects the key Biological rhythms Gene expression , Cause phospholipids to fluctuate

In order to comprehensively explore the regulation process of circulating phospholipid metabolism , The authors characterized the gene expression patterns of liver and kidney, two important peripheral organs involved in lipid metabolism and circulation . Next , The author discusses the regulatory gene network that controls the biological rhythm genes . after , The authors studied how the seasonal specific intestinal microbiota affects the corresponding stem and leaf specific gene expression modules .

To further detect whether the observed changes in clock gene expression patterns are dependent on butyric acid , The author gives a specific pathogen free every day (SPF) Mice were injected with butyric acid , continuity 7 God . Last , After final butyrate administration 24 Within hours , Every time 6 Evaluate once every hour in the liver Per2 and Bmal1 The gene expression pattern of . See the picture 4.

chart 4  Expression patterns of circadian genes in the liver and kidney of colonized mice

05

Research conclusion

The author's results show that , The seasonal fluctuation of intestinal microbiota can synchronize the metabolic function of the host through the crosstalk between microbial derived butyrate and peripheral circadian rhythm genes . These interactions may compensate for the seasonal lack of essential nutritional phospholipids , To maintain the health and growth performance of the host liver . The authors' findings emphasize the important role played by seasonal intestinal microbiota in maintaining the physiological and health of the host .

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