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Unity learning notes

2022-07-03 08:23:00 【cuncaojin】

Unity Learning notes

Basics

official API Documents have API Use Demo, It's stuck don't forget to check api
Script life cycle
chinese Unity API
- Object
  - Instantiate clone original Object and return the cloned object .
  - Destroy remove GameObject、 Component or resource .
- MonoBehaviour
- GameObject
- Input
- CharacterController
Project directory structure
Hierarchy Everything in GameObject, One GameObject Can there be several children GameObject . unit GameObject It consists of a series of components Component form , It can be done by GetComponent< Component type >() Get the component object , Then operate on the object ; Can also pass Destroy() To destroy GameObject or Component.
Edit GameObject shortcuts ：QWERT
Log ：Debug.Log(xxx); or print(xxx);

The standard input

Edit > Project Settings… > Input Manager

Input.GetButtonDown(“Fire1”)
Input.GetAxisRaw(“Horizontal”) * Time.deltaTime;
Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space)
Input.GetMouseButton(0)
GetXX / GetXXDown( One frame ） / GetXXUp( One frame ）

Coordinate system & World coordinate system & Local coordinate system

unity Coordinate system

Coordinate system
Left handed coordinate system ： The thumb x Axis （ Right ）、 index finger y Axis （ On ）、 Middle finger z Axis （ front ）
Direction of rotation ： Stretch out your thumb , Grasp the positive direction of an axis with your left hand , The direction of the other four fingers is the positive direction of rotation .
World coordinate system （ Relative to all objects ）
Vector3.right, The value is (1, 0, 0)
Vector3.up, The value is (1, 0, 0)
Vector3.forward , The value is (1, 0, 0)
Local coordinate system （ Relative to the object itself ）
transform.right
transform.up
transform.forward

Prefab Preset object / The precast body

By several sub GameObject form , Put... Directly GameObject Drag onto Prefabs Folders can generate preset objects

rigid body Rigidbody

Add Component > Physics > Rigidbody

Describe the force acting on an object . Like a table 、 The stool

Character controller CharacterController

Add Component > Physics > Character Controller

Describe the force action of an object . Like a monster 、 people

Colliding body Collider

Add Component > Physics > XXX Collider

Detect the collision of objects .

Callback function

Collider.isTrigger Don't check
OnCollisionEnter Collision start frame
OnCollisionStay Collision frame
OnCollisionExit Collision end frame
Collider.isTrigger Check
OnTriggerEnter Collision start frame
OnTriggerStay Collision frame
OnTriggerExit Collision end frame
Be careful ： Two GameObjects Must include Collider Components . One of them must be enabled Collider.isTrigger, And includes Rigidbody.
If two GameObjects It's all on Collider.isTrigger, There will be no collision .
If two GameObjects None Rigidbody Components , There will be no collision .

ray Ray

Effects > Line Renderer add to Material Draw rays , Then get the... Through the script Line Renderer Dynamically modify its properties Positions[1] Change the point through which the ray passes

void FixedUpdate()
{
	Ray ray = Camera.main.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition); //  Obtain the ray passing through the cursor position from the main camera 
    RaycastHit hit; //  Collision point related information object 
    if (Physics.Raycast(transform.position, -Vector3.up, out hit, 100f)) //  The ray intersects with any colliding body 
        print("Found an object - distance: " + hit.distance);
}

if (Physics.Raycast(ray))  
 	Instantiate(particle, transform.position, transform.rotation);

Play the audio file AudioSource

Drag the sound file directly into the camera property panel , Automatic addition Audio Source Components .

Play the audio ：

audioSource.Play();
AudioSource.PlayClipAtPoint(clip, Camera.main.transform.position); // stay 3d Play sound at a certain point in the space

GUI Button

GUI Block layout ;GUILayout Fluid layout

if (GUI.Button(new Rect(10, 70, 50, 30),  "click")) {}
if (GUILayout.Button(new Rect(10, 70, 50, 30),  "click")) {}

Pre preservation PlayerPrefs

Local data storage , Support only int 、float、string Type data saving . Save in the registry ？

PlayerPrefs.HasKey("name")
PlayerPrefs.SetString("name", "zhangsan");
PlayerPrefs.GetString("name");

Resource loading Resources

requirement ： Resource files must be placed in Asset/Resources Under the table of contents , Access without file extension

private void OnGUI()
{
    if (GUI.Button(new Rect(10, 70, 200, 30), " Load audio resources and play "))
    {
        AudioSource.PlayClipAtPoint(Resources.Load("Audios/soundC") as AudioClip, Camera.main.transform.position);
    }
}

Multi scene switching SceneManager

operation ： First add the scene to be switched File > BuildSettings... in

Load scene ：SceneManager.LoadScene (Application.LoadLevel Have been abandoned )
Uninstall the scene ：SceneManager.UnloadSceneAsync

LoadSceneMode.Additive ： Add the scene to the currently loaded scene .
LoadSceneMode.Single ： Close all currently loaded scenes , And load a scene .

coroutines

void Update()
{
    if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.W))
    {
		//  Start the coroutines ,5 Print after execution in seconds world
        StartCoroutine(myfun(5));
    }
}

IEnumerator myfun(int seconds)
{
    Debug.Log("hello");
    yield return new WaitForSeconds(seconds);
    Debug.Log("world");
}

WWW / UnityWebRequest The Internet

public class WWWTest : MonoBehaviour
{
    private Texture image;
    private Texture image2;
    public string LOGO_URL = "https://profile.csdnimg.cn/1/1/3/3_cuncaojin";

    void Start()
    {
        StartCoroutine(GetImage());
        StartCoroutine(GetImage2());
    }

    IEnumerator GetImage2()
    {
        using (UnityWebRequest uwr = UnityWebRequestTexture.GetTexture(LOGO_URL))
        {
            yield return uwr.SendWebRequest();
            var texture = DownloadHandlerTexture.GetContent(uwr);
            image2 = texture;
        }
    }

    IEnumerator GetImage()
    {
        WWW www = new WWW(LOGO_URL);
        yield return www;
        image = www.texture;
    }

    private void OnGUI()
    {
        if (image != null)
            GUI.DrawTexture(new Rect(100, 100, 100, 100), image);
        if (image2 != null)
            GUI.DrawTexture(new Rect(300, 100, 200, 200), image2);
    }
}