Detailed explanation of each module of ansible

1.command,shell,raw,scriptThe role and difference of modules

1.1command shell raw区别

command、shell模块:

相同点：Requires installation on managed hostsPython.

不同点：commandCan be executed on a managed hostshell命令,But environment variables and operators are not supported（例如 '|', '<', '>', '&'）

 shell模块调用的/bin/sh指令执行.

raw模块:

No installation on managed hosts is requiredPython,use remote directlyshell运行命令,Usually used for not being able to installPython的系统（such as network equipment）.

• command
• shell
• raw

You should try to avoid using these three modules to execute commands,Because other modules are mostly idempotent,Change tracking can be done automatically.command、shell、raw不具备幂等性.注： 幂等性：简单来讲,is the same input,输出相同,No matter how many times say,确认接口,If the order number is passed in,返回确认OK,If it has been confirmed,Call the confirmation interface again,Return if still confirmOK,Then this interface is idempotent.

2、command 模块的使用: to execute a script filecommand.sh, command.sh文件的功能是echo "I am command module" 

[[email protected] ~]#vim command.sh

[[email protected] ~]# more ./.ansible/inventory
node1

[node]
node1

[node1:children]
node
test

[test]
node2

[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m copy -a "src=/root/command.sh dest=/home/student"
[WARNING]: Found both group and host with same name: node1
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "ce65dc39709980daa42a03e5d2ac1c97210446db",
    "dest": "/home/student/command.sh",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "5f4164eeeea65e4697bdb62d078065bb",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0",
    "size": 27,
    "src": "/home/student/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1659481931.964826-27384-280168700260751/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m command -a "ls -l /home/student/"
[WARNING]: Found both group and host with same name: node1
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 27 Aug  2 12:33 command.sh
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m command -a "sh command.sh chdir=/home/student"
[WARNING]: Found both group and host with same name: node1
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
I am command module

3、shell模块执行命令 ls /root | grep txt

4、 raw模块执行pwd命令

5、script模块执行 script.sh文件,文件的内容为 echo "I am script module" 

[[email protected] ~]# vim script.sh
[[email protected] ~]# pwd
/root
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m copy -a "src=/root/script.sh dest=/home/student"
[WARNING]: Found both group and host with same name: node1
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "7fe9ae1b68ec686919b7799f9eef6c7eff006c8c",
    "dest": "/home/student/script.sh",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "ffb843f4c7a3cc3a444c21a7bdc2b2ac",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0",
    "size": 26,
    "src": "/home/student/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1659482546.7581532-27525-45068860098080/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m command -a "ls -l /home/student"
[WARNING]: Found both group and host with same name: node1
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 27 Aug  2 12:33 command.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 26 Aug  2 12:43 script.sh
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m script -a "script.sh chdir=/home/student"
[WARNING]: Found both group and host with same name: node1
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true,
    "rc": 0,
    "stderr": "Shared connection to node1 closed.\r\n",
    "stderr_lines": [
        "Shared connection to node1 closed."
    ],
    "stdout": "I am script module\r\n",
    "stdout_lines": [
        "I am script module"
    ]
 

6.file模块：
   创建文件,并指定用户,用户组为student, 且权限为600
   创建目录,并指定用户,用户组为student,   且权限为755
   创建链接文件
   Delete the first created file

 

 

7.copy
   复制文件
   复制目录

 

 

 

 8.synchronize
   pull: Pull the directory from the controlled host
   push：Push the directory to the controlled host