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pytest合集（2）— pytest運行方式

2022-07-01 21:35:00 【篤行之.kiss】

一、命令行模式運行

1、命令行模式運行pytest

電腦桌面創建一個名為test_sample.py的新文件，包含函數和測試用例。

# content of test_sample.py
def func(x):
    return x + 1


def test_answer():
    assert func(3) == 5

打開test_sample.py所在的文件夾，cmd窗口輸入命令：pytest。pytest會查找當前目錄及其子目錄下所有以test_*.py或*_test.py文件，然後執行文件中以test開頭函數。詳見pytest測試用例收集規則。

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.19044.1766]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有權利。
C:\Users\057776\Desktop>pytest
==================================== test session starts ====================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.8, pytest-6.2.3, py-1.10.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\Users\057776\Desktop
plugins: html-3.1.1, metadata-1.11.0, rerunfailures-9.1.1, assume-2.2.0, requests-mock-1.7.0
collected 1 item
test_sample.py F [100%]
====================================== FAILURES ======================================
_______________________________________ test_answer _______________________________________
def test_answer():
> assert func(3) == 5
E assert 4 == 5
E + where 4 = func(3)
test_sample.py:18: AssertionError
================================= short test summary info =================================
FAILED test_sample.py::test_answer - assert 4 == 5
==================================== 1 failed in 0.70s ====================================
C:\Users\057776\Desktop>

說明：

collected 1 item：pytest運行的時候一共收集到了1條測試用例。
test_sample.py F：標記為F是指測試結果是失敗的。
[100%] ：指運行所有測試用例的總體進度。
FAILURES：輸出了詳細的錯誤信息，幫助我們分析測試原因，我們可以看到"assert func(3) == 5"這條語句出錯了，錯誤的原因是func(3)=4，然後我們斷言func(3) 等於 5。

2、pytest運行結果標記符

. 點號，錶示用例通過
F 錶示失敗 Failure
E 錶示用例中存在异常 Error
S 錶示用例被跳過 Skip
x 小寫的 x 錶示預期失敗 xfail
X 大寫的 X 錶示預期失敗，但是通過了

二、Pycharm中運行

1、Terminal終端中運行

pycharm項目目錄如下，選中test_sample.py文件，鼠標右鍵Open in | Open in Terminal，在命令行模式下輸入pytest

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.19044.1766]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有權利。
(venv) C:\Users\057776\PycharmProjects\pytest-demo\testcases>pytest
================================== test session starts ===================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.8, pytest-6.2.3, py-1.10.0, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\Users\057776\PycharmProjects\pytest-demo\testcases
plugins: html-3.1.1, metadata-1.11.0, rerunfailures-9.1.1, assume-2.2.0, requests-mock-1.7.0
collected 1 item
test_sample.py F [100%]
===================================== FAILURES =====================================
______________________________________ test_answer ______________________________________
def test_answer():
> assert func(3) == 5
E assert 4 == 5
E + where 4 = func(3)
test_sample.py:18: AssertionError
================================ short test summary info ================================
FAILED test_sample.py::test_answer - assert 4 == 5
=================================== 1 failed in 0.60s ===================================
(venv) C:\Users\057776\PycharmProjects\pytest-demo\testcases>

2、配置測試運行器

我們也可以通過配置來選擇默認pytest的方式來運行py文件。

File | Settings | Tools | Python Integrated Tools

3、pytest.main()方法

pytest.main()方法可以作為我們自動化測試項目的測試用例執行入口，下面我們對pytest.main()進行講解。

修改上面的test_sample.py文件如下：

import pytest


# content of test_sample.py
def func(x):
    return x + 1


def test_answer():
    assert func(3) == 5


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main()
    # pytest.main(['test_sample.py'])
    # pytest.main(['-q','test_sample.py'])

說明：

pytest.main() ：無任何參數，會收集當前目錄下所有的測試用例，相當於命令行模式下輸入命令pytest。
pytest.main(['test_sample.py']) ：一個參數，執行指定文件test_sample.py的所有測試用例。
pytest.main(['-q','test_sample.py']) ：二個參數，參數-q錶示安靜模式, 不輸出環境信息。

（1）pytest.main()源碼分析

def main(
    args: Optional[Union[List[str], py.path.local]] = None,
    plugins: Optional[Sequence[Union[str, _PluggyPlugin]]] = None,
) -> Union[int, ExitCode]:
    """Perform an in-process test run.

    :param args: List of command line arguments.
    :param plugins: List of plugin objects to be auto-registered during initialization.

    :returns: An exit code.
    """
    try:
        try:
            config = _prepareconfig(args, plugins)
        except ConftestImportFailure as e:
            exc_info = ExceptionInfo(e.excinfo)
            tw = TerminalWriter(sys.stderr)
            tw.line(f"ImportError while loading conftest '{e.path}'.", red=True)
            exc_info.traceback = exc_info.traceback.filter(
                filter_traceback_for_conftest_import_failure
            )
            exc_repr = (
                exc_info.getrepr(style="short", chain=False)
                if exc_info.traceback
                else exc_info.exconly()
            )
            formatted_tb = str(exc_repr)
            for line in formatted_tb.splitlines():
                tw.line(line.rstrip(), red=True)
            return ExitCode.USAGE_ERROR
        else:
            try:
                ret: Union[ExitCode, int] = config.hook.pytest_cmdline_main(
                    config=config
                )
                try:
                    return ExitCode(ret)
                except ValueError:
                    return ret
            finally:
                config._ensure_unconfigure()
    except UsageError as e:
        tw = TerminalWriter(sys.stderr)
        for msg in e.args:
            tw.line(f"ERROR: {msg}\n", red=True)
        return ExitCode.USAGE_ERROR

可以看到， main() 函數接受兩個參數：