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x86汇编语言-从实模式到保护模式 笔记
2022-07-03 13:43:00 【InfoQ】
段地址:偏移地址
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16 位寄存器
- AX 累加器(Accumulator)
- BX 基址寄存器(Base Address Register)
- CX 计数器(Counter)
- DX 数据(Data)寄存器
- SI 源索引寄存器(Source Index)
- DI 目标索引寄存器(Destination Index)
- BP 基址指针寄存器 (Base Pointer)
- SP 栈寄存器 (Stack Pointer)
- 代码段(Code Segment,CS)
- 数据段(Data Segment,DS)
- 附加段(Extra Segment, ES)
- 栈段 (Stack Segment,SS)
- IP:指令指针(Instruction Pointer)
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- 算术逻辑单元 (arithmetic and logic unit) ALU
专业名词
- 动态随机访问存储器(Dynamic Random Access Memory,DRAM)
- 只读存储器(Read Only Memory,ROM)
- 软盘(Floppy Disk)
- 硬盘(Hard Disk,HDD)
- “转/分钟”(Round Per Minute,RPM)
- 磁道(Track)
- 柱面(Cylinder)
- 扇区(Sector)
- 主引导记录(Master boot record,缩写为MBR)
- 主引导扇区: 第一个扇区是0面0道1扇区,或者说是0头0柱1扇区
- 虚拟机(Virtual Machine,VM)
主引导扇
- 主引导扇区(Main Boot Sector,MBR)
- 显示存储器(Video RAM:VRAM),简称显存
计算机启动
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- 通电
- 读取ROM里面的BIOS,用来检查硬件
- 硬件检查通过
- BIOS根据指定的顺序,检查引导设备的第一个扇区(即主引导记录),加载在内存地址 0x7C00
- 主引导记录把操作权交给操作系统
0x0000~0x7FFF
0x0000~0x03FF
0x0400~0x7FFF
0x7FFF - 512 - 512 + 1 = 0x7C00
在屏幕上显示文字
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初始化段寄存器
标号
伪指令(pseudo Instruction)
- DB: 声明字节(Declare Byte)
- DW(Declare Word)用于声明字数据
- DD(Declare Double Word)用于声明双字(两个字)数据
- DQ(Declare Quad Word)用于声明四字数据
8086处理器的寻址方式
- 寄存器寻址
- 立即寻址
- 内存寻址
- 直接寻址
- 基址寻址
- BX
- BP
- 变址寻址
- SI
- DI
- 基址变址寻址
硬盘和显卡的访问和控制
equ
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in
out
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