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GPS从入门到放弃(十二)、 多普勒定速
2022-07-06 13:46:00 【追捕的风】
一、多普勒效应
多普勒效应在我们日常生活中有很多,比如当一辆救护车迎面驶来的时候,听到声音比原来高;而车离去的时候声音的音高比原来低。这个效应是为纪念奥地利物理学家及数学家克里斯琴·约翰·多普勒(Christian Johann Doppler)而命名的,他于1842年首先提出了这一理论。据说是因为有一次一列火车从他身旁经过,他发现火车从远而近时汽笛声变响,音调变尖,而火车从近而远时汽笛声变弱,音调变低。他觉得很有意思,于是他就对这个现象去深入研究,从而提出了多普勒效应。
多普勒效应的主要内容为物体辐射的波长因为波源和观测者的相对运动而产生变化。在运动的波源前面,波被压缩,波长变得较短,频率变得较高(蓝移 blue shift);在运动的波源后面时,会产生相反的效应。波长变得较长,频率变得较低(红移 red shift);波源的速度越高,所产生的效应越大。根据波红(蓝)移的程度,可以计算出波源循着观测方向运动的速度。
二、卫星导航中的多普勒效应
多普勒效应不仅仅适用于声波,它也适用于所有类型的波。卫星导航中传播信息用的是无线电波,因为卫星在绕地球高速运动,所以也有多普勒效应。

三、多普勒定速


此定速方程组可以用最小二乘法来求解。解出结果即为接收机的速度和钟漂。
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