Face recognition: attack types and anti spoofing techniques

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author |Trung Anh Dang compile |Flin source |towardsdatascience

Thanks to the rapid development of computer science and electronic technology , Now , In terms of market share , Face recognition is becoming the second largest biometric authentication method in the world after fingerprint .

Every day , More and more manufacturers are adding face recognition to their products , Apple, for example, uses face recognition technology , Banks use eKYC The solution goes through the induction process .

The main purpose of face recognition research is to improve the performance of verification and recognition tasks , On the contrary , In the past, there is little research on the security vulnerability of face recognition system , Until recent years , People are beginning to focus on different types of face recognition attacks , It includes testing whether a biometric comes from a living person or a photograph .

Two kinds of attacks used on face recognition systems

As shown in the figure above , There are seven modules and points that can be targeted , They fall into two types ： Demonstrate attacks and indirect attacks .

Demonstrate the attack

Demonstrate the attack at the sensor level （1） Conduct , You don't have to access the system .

Demonstration attacks are related to purely biometric vulnerabilities . In these attacks , The intruder uses some kind of artifact , for example , Photo , Mask , Synthetic fingerprint or printed iris image , Or trying to mimic the behavior of real users （ For example, gait , Signature ） Fraudulent access to biometric systems .

because “ Biometrics are no secret ”, The attacker is aware of this reality , That is, it exposed a lot of biological characteristics data , It shows people's faces , eyes , Voice and behavior , So they use these information resources to try to trick the face recognition system with the following example .

• The attacker uses the photo of the user to be impersonated .

• They use user videos to mimic .

• Hackers can build and use the 3D Model , for example , Super realistic mask

We use anti spoofing techniques to prevent these attacks .

Indirect attack

It can be in the database , Indirect attack on matched communication channels, etc （2-7）. In this type of attack , The attacker needs to access the inside of the system .

It can be done through “ classic ” Technology related to network security （ Not with biometrics ） Related technology to prevent indirect attacks , So in this article we will not discuss .

Attack style

If you don't implement demo attack detection , Most of the latest facial biometric systems are vulnerable to simple attacks .

Usually , You can present a picture of the target person to the camera , Video or 3D Mask the face recognition system . Or make-up or plastic surgery . however , Due to the high exposure rate of high resolution digital camera 、 The cost is low , Using photos and videos is the most common type of attack .

• Photo attack ： Photo attacks include displaying photos of the attacked identity on the sensors of the face recognition system .

• Video attack ： An attacker can play a legitimate user's video on any device that copies the video , And then it's presented to the sensor / The camera .

• 3D Masked attack ： In this type of attack , Attackers construct facial 3D Rebuild and present it to the sensor / The camera .

• Other attacks ： Make up , Operation

Anti spoofing technology

Because most face recognition systems are vulnerable to spoofing attacks . therefore , In order to design a secure face recognition system in real scenes , Start with the initial planning of the system , Anti spoofing technology should be the top priority .

Because facial recognition systems try to distinguish real users , Therefore, there is no need to determine whether the biometric sample provided to the sensor is true or false . We can achieve them in four different ways .

sensor

We use sensors to detect real-time features in the signal .

Special hardware

With dedicated hardware （ for example 3D The camera ） To detect signs of life , But it's not always possible to deploy .

Challenge response method

Use the challenge response method , The demonstration attack can be detected by asking the user to interact with the system in a specific way .

• smile

• Sad or happy facial expressions

• Head movements

Algorithm

Using the following recognition algorithm has the ability to resist attacks in essence .

Mirror feature projection ： First , By depicting the mirror feature space corresponding to the real image , On this basis, we learn the projection of real data and false data . secondly , Training according to real projection SVM Model , And then use 3D Mask projection and print photo projection are used as anti deception models for detection simulation .

Deep feature fusion ： Through in-depth study of the importance of face image color feature information for face detection , Using deep convolution neural networks ResNet and SENet The network structure of deep feature fusion is constructed , Effectively train the relevant face anti deception data .

Image quality assessment ： The method is based on the combination of image quality metrics . The solution compares the original image with the processed image .

Deep learning ： This method is based on multi input architecture , The architecture combines a pre trained convolutional neural network model with a local binary pattern descriptor .

Biometric authentication methods https://towardsdatascience.com/biometric-authentication-methods-61c96666883a

How to implement ？

We can use anti spoofing technology to build demonstration attack detection system （PAD）, And integrate it with the face recognition system .

Using this method , The anti spoofing system makes the decision first , Only after it's confirmed that the samples came from living people , The face recognition system will process it .

Link to the original text ：https://towardsdatascience.com/facial-recognition-types-of-attacks-and-anti-spoofing-techniques-9d732080f91e

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