CUDA与Direct3D 一致性

Direct3D 9Ex、Direct3D 10 和 Direct3D 11 支持 Direct3D 互操作性。

CUDA 上下文只能与满足以下条件的 Direct3D 设备互操作： Direct3D 9Ex 设备必须使用设置为 D3DDEVTYPE_HAL 的 DeviceType 和使用 D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING 标志的 BehaviorFlags 创建； Direct3D 10 和 Direct3D 11 设备必须在 DriverType 设置为 D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE 的情况下创建。

可以映射到 CUDA 地址空间的 Direct3D 资源是 Direct3D 缓冲区、纹理和表面。 这些资源使用 cudaGraphicsD3D9RegisterResource()、cudaGraphicsD3D10RegisterResource() 和 cudaGraphicsD3D11RegisterResource() 注册。

以下代码示例使用内核动态修改存储在顶点缓冲区对象中的 2D width x height网格。

Direct3D 9 Version:

IDirect3D9* D3D;
IDirect3DDevice9* device;
struct CUSTOMVERTEX {
    FLOAT x, y, z;
    DWORD color;
};
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9* positionsVB;
struct cudaGraphicsResource* positionsVB_CUDA;

int main()
{
    int dev;
    // Initialize Direct3D
    D3D = Direct3DCreate9Ex(D3D_SDK_VERSION);

    // Get a CUDA-enabled adapter
    unsigned int adapter = 0;
    for (; adapter < g_pD3D->GetAdapterCount(); adapter++) {
        D3DADAPTER_IDENTIFIER9 adapterId;
        g_pD3D->GetAdapterIdentifier(adapter, 0, &adapterId);
        if (cudaD3D9GetDevice(&dev, adapterId.DeviceName)
            == cudaSuccess)
            break;
    }

     // Create device
    ...
    D3D->CreateDeviceEx(adapter, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, hWnd,
                        D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
                        &params, NULL, &device);

    // Use the same device
    cudaSetDevice(dev);

    // Create vertex buffer and register it with CUDA
    unsigned int size = width * height * sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX);
    device->CreateVertexBuffer(size, 0, D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX,
                               D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &positionsVB, 0);
    cudaGraphicsD3D9RegisterResource(&positionsVB_CUDA,
                                     positionsVB,
                                     cudaGraphicsRegisterFlagsNone);
    cudaGraphicsResourceSetMapFlags(positionsVB_CUDA,
                                    cudaGraphicsMapFlagsWriteDiscard);

    // Launch rendering loop
    while (...) {
        ...
        Render();
        ...
    }
    ...
}
void Render()
{
    // Map vertex buffer for writing from CUDA
    float4* positions;
    cudaGraphicsMapResources(1, &positionsVB_CUDA, 0);
    size_t num_bytes; 
    cudaGraphicsResourceGetMappedPointer((void**)&positions,
                                         &num_bytes,  
                                         positionsVB_CUDA));

    // Execute kernel
    dim3 dimBlock(16, 16, 1);
    dim3 dimGrid(width / dimBlock.x, height / dimBlock.y, 1);
    createVertices<<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>>(positions, time,
                                          width, height);

    // Unmap vertex buffer
    cudaGraphicsUnmapResources(1, &positionsVB_CUDA, 0);

    // Draw and present
    ...
}

void releaseVB()
{
    cudaGraphicsUnregisterResource(positionsVB_CUDA);
    positionsVB->Release();
}

__global__ void createVertices(float4* positions, float time,
                               unsigned int width, unsigned int height)
{
    unsigned int x = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    unsigned int y = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;

    // Calculate uv coordinates
    float u = x / (float)width;
    float v = y / (float)height;
    u = u * 2.0f - 1.0f;
    v = v * 2.0f - 1.0f;

    // Calculate simple sine wave pattern
    float freq = 4.0f;
    float w = sinf(u * freq + time)
            * cosf(v * freq + time) * 0.5f;

    // Write positions
    positions[y * width + x] =
                make_float4(u, w, v, __int_as_float(0xff00ff00));
}

Direct3D 10 Version

ID3D10Device* device;
struct CUSTOMVERTEX {
    FLOAT x, y, z;
    DWORD color;
};
ID3D10Buffer* positionsVB;
struct cudaGraphicsResource* positionsVB_CUDA;
            
int main()
{
    int dev;
    // Get a CUDA-enabled adapter
    IDXGIFactory* factory;
    CreateDXGIFactory(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory), (void**)&factory);
    IDXGIAdapter* adapter = 0;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; !adapter; ++i) {
        if (FAILED(factory->EnumAdapters(i, &adapter))
            break;
        if (cudaD3D10GetDevice(&dev, adapter) == cudaSuccess)
            break;
        adapter->Release();
    }
    factory->Release();
            
    // Create swap chain and device
    ...
    D3D10CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(adapter, 
                                  D3D10_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE, 0, 
                                  D3D10_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG,
                                  D3D10_SDK_VERSION, 
                                  &swapChainDesc, &swapChain,
                                  &device);
    adapter->Release();

    // Use the same device
    cudaSetDevice(dev);

    // Create vertex buffer and register it with CUDA
    unsigned int size = width * height * sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX);
    D3D10_BUFFER_DESC bufferDesc;
    bufferDesc.Usage          = D3D10_USAGE_DEFAULT;
    bufferDesc.ByteWidth      = size;
    bufferDesc.BindFlags      = D3D10_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
    bufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
    bufferDesc.MiscFlags      = 0;
    device->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc, 0, &positionsVB);
    cudaGraphicsD3D10RegisterResource(&positionsVB_CUDA,
                                      positionsVB,
                                      cudaGraphicsRegisterFlagsNone);
                                      cudaGraphicsResourceSetMapFlags(positionsVB_CUDA,
                                      cudaGraphicsMapFlagsWriteDiscard);

    // Launch rendering loop
    while (...) {
        ...
        Render();
        ...
    }
    ...
}
void Render()
{
    // Map vertex buffer for writing from CUDA
    float4* positions;
    cudaGraphicsMapResources(1, &positionsVB_CUDA, 0);
    size_t num_bytes; 
    cudaGraphicsResourceGetMappedPointer((void**)&positions,
                                         &num_bytes,  
                                         positionsVB_CUDA));

    // Execute kernel
    dim3 dimBlock(16, 16, 1);
    dim3 dimGrid(width / dimBlock.x, height / dimBlock.y, 1);
    createVertices<<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>>(positions, time,
                                          width, height);

    // Unmap vertex buffer
    cudaGraphicsUnmapResources(1, &positionsVB_CUDA, 0);

    // Draw and present
    ...
}

void releaseVB()
{
    cudaGraphicsUnregisterResource(positionsVB_CUDA);
    positionsVB->Release();
}

__global__ void createVertices(float4* positions, float time,
                               unsigned int width, unsigned int height)
{
    unsigned int x = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    unsigned int y = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;

    // Calculate uv coordinates
    float u = x / (float)width;
    float v = y / (float)height;
    u = u * 2.0f - 1.0f;
    v = v * 2.0f - 1.0f;

    // Calculate simple sine wave pattern
    float freq = 4.0f;
    float w = sinf(u * freq + time)
            * cosf(v * freq + time) * 0.5f;
            
    // Write positions
    positions[y * width + x] =
                make_float4(u, w, v, __int_as_float(0xff00ff00));
}

Direct3D 11 Version

ID3D11Device* device;
struct CUSTOMVERTEX {
    FLOAT x, y, z;
    DWORD color;
};
ID3D11Buffer* positionsVB;
struct cudaGraphicsResource* positionsVB_CUDA;

int main()
{
    int dev;
    // Get a CUDA-enabled adapter
    IDXGIFactory* factory;
    CreateDXGIFactory(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory), (void**)&factory);
    IDXGIAdapter* adapter = 0;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; !adapter; ++i) {
        if (FAILED(factory->EnumAdapters(i, &adapter))
            break;
        if (cudaD3D11GetDevice(&dev, adapter) == cudaSuccess)
            break;
        adapter->Release();
    }
    factory->Release();

    // Create swap chain and device
    ...
    sFnPtr_D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(adapter, 
                                         D3D11_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
                                         0, 
                                         D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG,
                                         featureLevels, 3,
                                         D3D11_SDK_VERSION, 
                                         &swapChainDesc, &swapChain,
                                         &device,
                                         &featureLevel,
                                         &deviceContext);
    adapter->Release();

    // Use the same device
    cudaSetDevice(dev);

    // Create vertex buffer and register it with CUDA
    unsigned int size = width * height * sizeof(CUSTOMVERTEX);
    D3D11_BUFFER_DESC bufferDesc;
    bufferDesc.Usage          = D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT;
    bufferDesc.ByteWidth      = size;
    bufferDesc.BindFlags      = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER;
    bufferDesc.CPUAccessFlags = 0;
    bufferDesc.MiscFlags      = 0;
    device->CreateBuffer(&bufferDesc, 0, &positionsVB);
    cudaGraphicsD3D11RegisterResource(&positionsVB_CUDA,
                                      positionsVB,
                                      cudaGraphicsRegisterFlagsNone);
    cudaGraphicsResourceSetMapFlags(positionsVB_CUDA,
                                    cudaGraphicsMapFlagsWriteDiscard);

    // Launch rendering loop
    while (...) {
        ...
        Render();
        ...
    }
    ...
}
void Render()
{
    // Map vertex buffer for writing from CUDA
    float4* positions;
    cudaGraphicsMapResources(1, &positionsVB_CUDA, 0);
    size_t num_bytes; 
    cudaGraphicsResourceGetMappedPointer((void**)&positions,
                                         &num_bytes,  
                                         positionsVB_CUDA));

    // Execute kernel
    dim3 dimBlock(16, 16, 1);
    dim3 dimGrid(width / dimBlock.x, height / dimBlock.y, 1);
    createVertices<<<dimGrid, dimBlock>>>(positions, time,
                                          width, height);

    // Unmap vertex buffer
    cudaGraphicsUnmapResources(1, &positionsVB_CUDA, 0);

    // Draw and present
    ...
}

void releaseVB()
{
    cudaGraphicsUnregisterResource(positionsVB_CUDA);
    positionsVB->Release();
}

    __global__ void createVertices(float4* positions, float time,
                          unsigned int width, unsigned int height)
{
    unsigned int x = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
    unsigned int y = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;

// Calculate uv coordinates
    float u = x / (float)width;
    float v = y / (float)height;
    u = u * 2.0f - 1.0f;
    v = v * 2.0f - 1.0f;

    // Calculate simple sine wave pattern
    float freq = 4.0f;
    float w = sinf(u * freq + time)
            * cosf(v * freq + time) * 0.5f;

    // Write positions
    positions[y * width + x] =
                make_float4(u, w, v, __int_as_float(0xff00ff00));
}

SLI一致性

在具有多个 GPU 的系统中，所有支持 CUDA 的 GPU 都可以通过 CUDA 驱动程序和运行时作为单独的设备进行访问。然而，当系统处于 SLI 模式时，有如下所述的特殊注意事项。

首先，在一个 GPU 上的一个 CUDA 设备中的分配将消耗其他 GPU 上的内存，这些 GPU 是 Direct3D 或 OpenGL 设备的 SLI 配置的一部分。因此，分配可能会比预期的更早失败。

其次，应用程序应该创建多个 CUDA 上下文，一个用于 SLI 配置中的每个 GPU。虽然这不是严格要求，但它避免了设备之间不必要的数据传输。应用程序可以将 cudaD3D[9|10|11]GetDevices() 用于 Direct3D 和 cudaGLGetDevices() 用于 OpenGL 调用，以识别当前执行渲染的设备的 CUDA 设备句柄和下一帧。鉴于此信息，应用程序通常会选择适当的设备并将 Direct3D 或 OpenGL 资源映射到由 cudaD3D[9|10|11]GetDevices() 或当 deviceList 参数设置为 cudaD3D[9|10 |11]DeviceListCurrentFrame 或 cudaGLDeviceListCurrentFrame。

请注意，从 cudaGraphicsD9D[9|10|11]RegisterResource 和 cudaGraphicsGLRegister[Buffer|Image] 返回的资源只能在发生注册的设备上使用。因此，在 SLI 配置中，当在不同的 CUDA 设备上计算不同帧的数据时，有必要分别为每个设备注册资源。

有关 CUDA 运行时如何分别与 Direct3D 和 OpenGL 互操作的详细信息，请参阅 Direct3D 互操作性和 OpenGL 互操作性。