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使用yum来安装PostgreSQL13.3数据库

2022-07-06 16:23:00 【华为云】

1、安装概述

PG安装方法很多，和MySQL类似，给用户提供很大的选择空间。如：RPM包安装(在线、离线)、源码编译安装、系统自带、二进制、NDB安装等。

https://www.postgresql.org/

https://yum.postgresql.org/rpmchart.php

https://yum.postgresql.org/11/redhat/rhel-6-x86_64/repoview/postgresqldbserver11.group.html

https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/

打开 PostgreSQL 官网 https://www.postgresql.org/，点击菜单栏上的Download ，可以看到这里包含了很多平台的安装包，包括 Linux、Windows、Mac OS等。

各个安装包：https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/

Linux 我们可以看到支持 Ubuntu 和 Red Hat 等各个平台，点击具体的平台链接，即可查看安装方法：

点击上图中的 file browser，我们还能下载 PostgreSQL 最新的源码。

下载地址：

https://www.postgresql.org/download

https://yum.postgresql.org/repopackages.php

文档：https://www.postgresql.org/download/linux/redhat/

rpm下载：https://yum.postgresql.org/rpmchart/

2、yum在线安装

-- 一些依赖包yum install -y cmake make gcc zlib gcc-c++ perl readline readline-devel zlib zlib-devel \perl python36 tcl openssl ncurses-devel openldap pam-- 删除已存在的PGyum remove -y postgresql* && rm -rf  /var/lib/pgsql && rm -rf  /usr/pgsql* && userdel -r postgres && groupdel postgresyum install -y sysbench-- 安装yum源yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm# yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-6-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpmyum repolist all | grep pgdgyum repolist enabled | grep pgdg-- 安装pgyum install -y postgresql13 postgresql13-server postgresql13-contrib postgresql13-libs# yum install -y postgresql9.6 postgresql9.6-server# yum install postgresql10-server postgresql10-contrib postgresql10 postgresql10.x86_64-- 验证[root@lhrpg /]# rpm -aq| grep postgrespostgresql13-server-13.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64postgresql13-13.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64postgresql13-libs-13.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64postgresql13-contrib-13.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64-- 环境变量echo "export PATH=/usr/pgsql-13/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile

3、初始化PG，并启动PG

/usr/pgsql-13/bin/postgresql-13-setup initdbsystemctl enable postgresql-13systemctl start postgresql-13systemctl status postgresql-13

4、修改密码

-- 本地登陆su - postgrespsql-- 安装插件create extension pageinspect;create extension pg_stat_statements;select * from pg_extension ;select * from pg_available_extensions order by name;-- 修改postgres密码alter user postgres with encrypted password 'lhr'; 或 \passwordselect * from pg_tables;select version();

5、开放防火墙

-- 开放防火墙firewall-cmd --add-port=5432/tcp --permanentfirewall-cmd --reloadfirewall-cmd --list-port

6、配置允许PG远程登录

-- 配置允许PG远程登录，注意版本：cat >> /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf <<"EOF"listen_addresses = '*'port=5432unix_socket_directories='/var/lib/pgsql/13/data'logging_collector = onlog_directory = 'pg_log'log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log'log_truncate_on_rotation = onEOFcat  << EOF > /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/pg_hba.conf# TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHODlocal     all       all                    trusthost      all       all    ::1/128         trusthost      all       all   127.0.0.1/32     trusthost      all       all    0.0.0.0/0        md5host   replication  all    0.0.0.0/0        md5EOFsystemctl restart postgresql-13

7、登陆测试

-- 远程登陆psql -U postgres -h 192.168.66.35 -d postgres -p54327-- 从Postgresql 9.2开始，还可以使用URI格式进行远程连接：psql postgresql://myuser:[email protected]:5432/mydbpsql postgresql://postgres:[email protected]:54327/postgres

其中-h参数指定服务器地址，默认为127.0.0.1，默认不指定即可，-d指定连接之后选中的数据库，默认也是postgres，-U指定用户，默认是当前用户，-p 指定端口号，默认是"5432"，其它更多的参数选项可以执行： ./bin/psql --help 查看。

C:\Users\lhrxxt>psql -U postgres -h 192.168.66.35 -d postgres -p54327Password for user postgres:psql (13.3)Type "help" for help.postgres=# select version();                                                     version------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PostgreSQL 13.3 (Debian 13.3-1.pgdg100+1) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 8.3.0-6) 8.3.0, 64-bit(1 row)postgres=# \l                                        List of databases   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |      Collate      |       Ctype       |   Access privileges-----------+----------+----------+-------------------+-------------------+----------------------- postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | Chinese_China.936 | Chinese_China.936 | template0 | postgres | UTF8     | Chinese_China.936 | Chinese_China.936 | =c/postgres          +           |          |          |                   |                   | postgres=CTc/postgres template1 | postgres | UTF8     | Chinese_China.936 | Chinese_China.936 | =c/postgres          +           |          |          |                   |                   | postgres=CTc/postgres(3 rows)postgres=# CREATE DATABASE lhrdb WITH OWNER=postgres ENCODING='UTF-8';CREATE DATABASEpostgres=# \c lhrdbYou are now connected to database "lhrdb" as user "postgres".lhrdb=#lhrdb=# create table student (lhrdb(# id integer not null,lhrdb(# name character(32),lhrdb(# number char(5),lhrdb(# constraint student_pkey primary key (id)lhrdb(# );CREATE TABLElhrdb=#lhrdb=# \d student                 Table "public.student" Column |     Type      | Collation | Nullable | Default--------+---------------+-----------+----------+--------- id     | integer       |           | not null | name   | character(32) |           |          | number | character(5)  |           |          |Indexes:    "student_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)lhrdb=#lhrdb=# INSERT INTO student (id, name, number) VALUES (1, '张三', '1023');INSERT 0 1lhrdb=# SELECT * FROM student WHERE id=1; id |                name                | number----+------------------------------------+--------  1 | 张三                               | 1023(1 row)

8、配置环境变量

mkdir -p /home/postgreschown postgres.postgres /home/postgres -Rsed -i 's|/var/lib/pgsql|/home/postgres|' /etc/passwdecho "lhr" |passwd --stdin postgrescat > /home/postgres/.bash_profile <<"EOF"export PGPORT=5432export PGHOME=/usr/pgsql-13export PGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/13/dataexport PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATHexport MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATHexport LANG=en_US.UTF-8export DATE='date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATHexport PGHOST=$PGDATAexport PGUSER=postgresexport PGPASSWORD=lhrexport PGDATABASE=postgresexport PS1="[\[email protected]\h \W]\$ "alias psql='rlwrap psql' EOFchown postgres.postgres /home/postgres/.bash_profile