Red hat install kernel header file

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Preface

Red Hat edition ：

One 、The Linux kernel RPM

1.1 rpm

rpm - RPM Package Manager

rpm Is a powerful package manager , Can be used for build, install, query, verify, update, and erase Single software package . A package consists of file archives and is used to install and delete archived files metadata form . metadata Include helper scripts、 file attributes And descriptive information about the package .

RPM package It contains other files and their metadata （ Information about the documents required by the system ） The file of .
say concretely ,RPM By cpio The archived documents consist of ：
cpio The archive contains ：
（1）Files
（2）RPM header (package metadata)
rpm The package manager uses this metadata To determine the dependency 、 Location of installation files and other information .

Types of RPM packages： There are two types of RPM package .
Two types of shared files , Formats and tools , But there are different contents and services for different purposes ：
Binary RPM（binary packages）： Contains binaries built from source code and patches .
Source RPM（SRPM,source packages）：SRPM Contains source code and SPEC file , This file describes how to build the source code into binary RPM. Optionally , Patches to the source code are also included .

 QUERY OPTIONS
       The general form of an rpm query command is
       rpm {
    -q|--query} [select-options] [query-options]

-a, --all
		Query all installed packages.

1.2 Install kernel header file

（1）

Compile the simplest Hello world modular , Compile failed ：


Red Hat Header file in /usr/src/kernels Under the table of contents ,/usr/src/kernels There is no kernel header under the directory ：

Kernel header the kernel header file is composed of kernel-devel Package provision , install kernel-devel software package ：

Show ：

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

Out-of-service yum…

（2）
Download the kernel header on this website ：
https://vault.centos.org/7.3.1611/os/x86_64/Packages/

 rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps --force

  -i, --info
      Display package information, including name, version, and description.  This uses the --queryformat if one was specified.
// Show package information , Include the name 、 Version and description .
      
 -v   Print verbose information - normally routine progress messages will be displayed.
// Print details  -  General progress messages are usually displayed .

 -h, --hash
     Print 50 hash marks as the package archive is unpacked.  Use with -v|--verbose for a nicer display.
// Print when decompressing the package for archiving  50 hash marks.  And  -v|--verbose  Use together to get better display effect .


 --nodeps
     Don't do a dependency check before installing or upgrading a package.
// Do not check dependencies before installing or upgrading packages .

 --force
   	 Same as using --replacepkgs, --replacefiles, and --oldpackage.
	   --replacefiles
              Install the packages even if they replace files from other, already installed, packages.
              // Install these packages , Even if they replace files in other installed packages .

       --replacepkgs
              Install the packages even if some of them are already installed on this system.
              // Even if some of them are installed on this system , Also install these packages .
              
       --oldpackage
              Allow an upgrade to replace a newer package with an older one.
              // Allow upgrades to replace newer packages with older packages .

In this way, the kernel head installation is completed ：

Because I installed three packages , stay /boot/ The kernel image of this kernel version will also be generated under the directory ...

（3）
kernel： Linux Kernel packages , Inclusion sheet 、 Cores of multicore and multiprocessor systems , Any Linux The core of operating system , A single processor system only needs to install the kernel package . The kernel handles the basic functions of the operating system : Memory allocation 、 Process assignment 、 Equipment input and output .

kernel-devel： This package provides enough to build modules based on kernel packages kernel headers and makefile file （ It includes kernel-headers）.

kernel-headers： Include designation Linux The interface between the kernel and user space libraries and programs C The header file . Header files define the structures and constants needed to build most standard programs .

kernel-debug ： Contains many for the kernel debug Enabling options for diagnostics and debugging , It should only be installed if we need to try to collect additional kernel error information . It is at the expense of performance .

kernel-tools： Contains for manipulation Linux Kernel and documentation supporting tools .

（4）
Just write the kernel module installation kernel-headers-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 Can ：

rpm -ivh kernel-headers-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force

install kernel-devel After the package , You can go to /usr/src/kernels/ Find all the kernel header files , You can write kernel modules .

（5）
Can be yum Source transposition centos Source , So you can go directly through yum To install the kernel header file .

yum install kernel-devel
yum install kernel-headers

summary

For the first time to use Red Hat（ Of course, it's often used centos） , That's all Red Hat7.3 Steps to install the kernel header file .

Reference material

https://access.redhat.com/documentation/enus/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/managing_monitoring_and_updating_the_kernel/