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TCP/IP协议(UDP)
2022-07-06 09:13:00 【As。】
TCP/IP协议:是一个协议簇,包含很多协议,UDP也包括在其中。一般命名都是TCP/IP,是因为是协议中最重要的俩个协议
TCP/IP协议集包括:应用层、传输层、网络层、网络链路层
应用层包括:
1.超文本传输协议(HTTP)
2.文件传输协议(TFTP)
3.远程登录(Telnet)
4.网络管理(SNMP简单网络管理协议)
5.域名系统(DNS)
网络层包括:
1.IP(Internet协议)
2.ICMP(Internet控制信息协议)
3.ARP(地址解析协议)
4.RARP(反向地址解析协议)
TCP和UDP的区别 TCP:传输控制协议,是面向连接的协议。(发数据前,必须和对方先建立联系) UDP:用户数据报协议,是一个非连接的协议
1.TCP是需要连接,UDP不需要连接
2.TCP对系统资源要求多,UDP少
3.UDP程序结构较简单
4.TCP保证数据正确性,UDP可能会丢包
5.TCP保证数据顺序,UDP不保证
TCP:三次握手,四次挥手
会话过程:
1.主机A向主机B发出连接请求数据包;第一次会话:“我想给你发数据,可以吗?”
2.主机B向主机B发送同意连接和要求同步的数据包(俩台主机,一个在发送,一个在接收);第二次会话:“可以,你什么时候发?”
3.主机A再次发出一个数据包,确认主机B要求的同步;第三次会话:“我现在就发,你接着”
三次对话的目的是使数据包的发送和接收是同步进行,经过三次对话后,主机A才向主机B正式发送数据
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