11.zuul路由网关

1.概述

Zuul包含了对请求的路由和过滤两个最主要的功能：
其中路由功能负责将外部请求转发到具体的微服务实例上，是实现外部访问统一入口的基础而过滤器功能则负责对请求的处理过程进行干预，是实现请求校验、服务聚合等功能的基础.

Zuul和Eureka进行整合，将Zuul自身注册为Eureka服务治理下的应用，同时从Eureka中获得其他微服务的消息，也即以后的访问微服务都是通过Zuul跳转后获得。

注意：Zuul服务最终还是会注册进Eureka

提供=代理+路由+过滤三大功能

github: https://github.com/Netflix/zuul/wiki/Getting-Started

2. 新建Module模块microservicecloud-zuul-gateway-9527

2.1 改pom

当不知道搭配使用哪个版本时，直接搜Dalston.SR1。

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- zuul路由网关 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- actuator监控 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 热部署插件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2.2 改yml

server:
  port: 9527

spring:
  application:
    name: microservicecloud-zuul-gateway

zuul:
  prefix: /atguigu
  ignored-services: "*" # 忽略真实服务名
  routes:
    mydept.serviceId: cloud-payment-service
    mydept.path: /path/**

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetchRegistry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
  # defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka #集群版
  instance:
    instance-id: zullgateway9527
    prefer-ip-address: true
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds:  1
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds:  2

2.3 启动类

@EnableZuulProxy：开启zuul网关代理

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableEurekaClient
@Slf4j
public class ZuulStartSpringCloudApp9527 {
    
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
    
        SpringApplication.run(ZuulStartSpringCloudApp9527.class, args);
        log.info("===============ZuulStartSpringCloudApp9527启动成功===============");
    }
}

2.4 路由访问映射规则

before
http://localhost:9527/atguigu/cloud-payment-service/payment/get/3

zuul:
routes:
mydept.serviceId: microservicecloud-dept
mydept.path: /mydept/**

after
http://localhost:9527/atguigu/path/payment/get/3

通过cloud-payment-service或者path都可以访问。

原真实服务名忽略：
ignored-services：单个具体，多个可以用"*"

设置统一公共前缀：
prefix: /atguigu

2.5 测试

启动cloud-eureka-server7001，启动cloud-provider-payment8001，启动microservicecloud-zuul-gateway-9527，将8001和9527都注册到eureka.

访问：http://localhost:9527/atguigu/path/payment/get/3 正常返回。