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protobuf与grpc
2022-07-03 13:40:00 【天龙至尊】
protobuf的使用：
这里介绍protobuf的工具的下载与使用，以及结合grpc进行微服务框架的编写！！！
protoc的程序的下载链接如下：
Releases · protocolbuffers/protobuf · GitHubProtocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format - Releases · protocolbuffers/protobuf
https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases选择对应的操作系统类型的protoc下载即可！！！
这里需要：github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go这个库
GitHub - golang/protobuf: Go support for Google's protocol buffersGo support for Google's protocol buffers. Contribute to golang/protobuf development by creating an account on GitHub.https://github.com/golang/protobuf
需要注意的是：
protoc的版本要和protoc-gen-go的版本要一致才行，不然生成出来的代码会出错！！！
go get github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go编写proto文件：
helloworld.proto：
syntax = "proto3";
option go_package = "./";
message HelloRequest{
string name = 1;
int32 age = 2;
repeated string courses = 3;
}要想使用protoc这个程序，需要进行环境变量的配置；环境变量的配置无论是在windows、macOs、Linux的都不具体说明了。
配置好protoc的环境变量后，我们就可以在全局使用protoc这个命令了！
protoc -I . helloworld.proto --go_out=plugins=grpc:.这样会生成一个helloworld.pb.go的文件：
helloworld.pb.go：
// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
// versions:
// protoc-gen-go v1.26.0
// protoc v3.21.2
// source: helloworld.proto
package protobuf
import (
protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
reflect "reflect"
sync "sync"
)
const (
// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
)
type HelloRequest struct {
state protoimpl.MessageState
sizeCache protoimpl.SizeCache
unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
Name string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
Age int32 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=age,proto3" json:"age,omitempty"`
Courses []string `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=courses,proto3" json:"courses,omitempty"`
}
func (x *HelloRequest) Reset() {
*x = HelloRequest{}
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
mi := &file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[0]
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
}
func (x *HelloRequest) String() string {
return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
}
func (*HelloRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
func (x *HelloRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
mi := &file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[0]
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
return ms
}
return mi.MessageOf(x)
}
// Deprecated: Use HelloRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
func (*HelloRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return file_helloworld_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
}
func (x *HelloRequest) GetName() string {
if x != nil {
return x.Name
}
return ""
}
func (x *HelloRequest) GetAge() int32 {
if x != nil {
return x.Age
}
return 0
}
func (x *HelloRequest) GetCourses() []string {
if x != nil {
return x.Courses
}
return nil
}
var File_helloworld_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
var file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
0x0a, 0x10, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f,
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}
var (
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData = file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc
)
func file_helloworld_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData)
})
return file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData
}
var file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 1)
var file_helloworld_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
(*HelloRequest)(nil), // 0: HelloRequest
}
var file_helloworld_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for method output_type
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for method input_type
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension type_name
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension extendee
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for field type_name
}
func init() { file_helloworld_proto_init() }
func file_helloworld_proto_init() {
if File_helloworld_proto != nil {
return
}
if !protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[0].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
switch v := v.(*HelloRequest); i {
case 0:
return &v.state
case 1:
return &v.sizeCache
case 2:
return &v.unknownFields
default:
return nil
}
}
}
type x struct{}
out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
RawDescriptor: file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc,
NumEnums: 0,
NumMessages: 1,
NumExtensions: 0,
NumServices: 0,
},
GoTypes: file_helloworld_proto_goTypes,
DependencyIndexes: file_helloworld_proto_depIdxs,
MessageInfos: file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes,
}.Build()
File_helloworld_proto = out.File
file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc = nil
file_helloworld_proto_goTypes = nil
file_helloworld_proto_depIdxs = nil
}
测试protobuf的压缩率与json的对比：
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
"go-micro-service-architect/cn/ljxwtl/micro/rpc_service_new/protobuf"
)
type Hello struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Age int32 `json:"age"`
Courses []string `json:"courses"`
}
func main() {
var request = protobuf.HelloRequest{
Name: "bobby",
Age: 30,
Courses: []string{"go", "java", "python"},
}
bytes, _ := proto.Marshal(&request)
fmt.Println(len(bytes), bytes)
var hello = &Hello{
Name: "bobby",
Age: 30,
Courses: []string{"go", "java", "python"},
}
marshal, _ := json.Marshal(hello)
fmt.Println(len(marshal))
var targetReq = new(protobuf.HelloRequest)
_ = proto.Unmarshal(bytes, targetReq)
fmt.Println(targetReq)
}
几乎是两倍多的对比。
grpc的使用：
helloworld.proto：
syntax = "proto3";
option go_package = "./;protobuf";
service Greeter{
rpc SayHello(HelloRequest) returns (HelloResponse);
}
message HelloRequest{
string name = 1;
int32 age = 2;
repeated string courses = 3;
}
message HelloResponse{
string reply = 1;
}运行命令：
protoc -I . helloworld.proto --go_out=plugins=grpc:.就会生成如下的代码：
helloworld.pb.go：
// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
// versions:
// protoc-gen-go v1.26.0
// protoc v3.21.2
// source: helloworld.proto
package protobuf
import (
context "context"
grpc "google.golang.org/grpc"
codes "google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
status "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
reflect "reflect"
sync "sync"
)
const (
// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
)
type HelloRequest struct {
state protoimpl.MessageState
sizeCache protoimpl.SizeCache
unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
Name string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
Age int32 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=age,proto3" json:"age,omitempty"`
Courses []string `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=courses,proto3" json:"courses,omitempty"`
}
func (x *HelloRequest) Reset() {
*x = HelloRequest{}
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
mi := &file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[0]
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
}
func (x *HelloRequest) String() string {
return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
}
func (*HelloRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
func (x *HelloRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
mi := &file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[0]
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
return ms
}
return mi.MessageOf(x)
}
// Deprecated: Use HelloRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
func (*HelloRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return file_helloworld_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
}
func (x *HelloRequest) GetName() string {
if x != nil {
return x.Name
}
return ""
}
func (x *HelloRequest) GetAge() int32 {
if x != nil {
return x.Age
}
return 0
}
func (x *HelloRequest) GetCourses() []string {
if x != nil {
return x.Courses
}
return nil
}
type HelloResponse struct {
state protoimpl.MessageState
sizeCache protoimpl.SizeCache
unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
Reply string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=reply,proto3" json:"reply,omitempty"`
}
func (x *HelloResponse) Reset() {
*x = HelloResponse{}
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
mi := &file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[1]
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
}
func (x *HelloResponse) String() string {
return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
}
func (*HelloResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
func (x *HelloResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
mi := &file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[1]
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
return ms
}
return mi.MessageOf(x)
}
// Deprecated: Use HelloResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
func (*HelloResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return file_helloworld_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
}
func (x *HelloResponse) GetReply() string {
if x != nil {
return x.Reply
}
return ""
}
var File_helloworld_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
var file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
0x0a, 0x10, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f,
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0x52, 0x04, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x12, 0x10, 0x0a, 0x03, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x18, 0x02, 0x20,
0x01, 0x28, 0x05, 0x52, 0x03, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x12, 0x18, 0x0a, 0x07, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x72,
0x73, 0x65, 0x73, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x07, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x72, 0x73,
0x65, 0x73, 0x22, 0x25, 0x0a, 0x0d, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x52, 0x65, 0x73, 0x70, 0x6f,
0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x12, 0x14, 0x0a, 0x05, 0x72, 0x65, 0x70, 0x6c, 0x79, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01,
0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x05, 0x72, 0x65, 0x70, 0x6c, 0x79, 0x32, 0x34, 0x0a, 0x07, 0x47, 0x72, 0x65,
0x65, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x12, 0x29, 0x0a, 0x08, 0x53, 0x61, 0x79, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f,
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0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
}
var (
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData = file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc
)
func file_helloworld_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData)
})
return file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData
}
var file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 2)
var file_helloworld_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
(*HelloRequest)(nil), // 0: HelloRequest
(*HelloResponse)(nil), // 1: HelloResponse
}
var file_helloworld_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
0, // 0: Greeter.SayHello:input_type -> HelloRequest
1, // 1: Greeter.SayHello:output_type -> HelloResponse
1, // [1:2] is the sub-list for method output_type
0, // [0:1] is the sub-list for method input_type
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension type_name
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension extendee
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for field type_name
}
func init() { file_helloworld_proto_init() }
func file_helloworld_proto_init() {
if File_helloworld_proto != nil {
return
}
if !protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[0].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
switch v := v.(*HelloRequest); i {
case 0:
return &v.state
case 1:
return &v.sizeCache
case 2:
return &v.unknownFields
default:
return nil
}
}
file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[1].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
switch v := v.(*HelloResponse); i {
case 0:
return &v.state
case 1:
return &v.sizeCache
case 2:
return &v.unknownFields
default:
return nil
}
}
}
type x struct{}
out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
RawDescriptor: file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc,
NumEnums: 0,
NumMessages: 2,
NumExtensions: 0,
NumServices: 1,
},
GoTypes: file_helloworld_proto_goTypes,
DependencyIndexes: file_helloworld_proto_depIdxs,
MessageInfos: file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes,
}.Build()
File_helloworld_proto = out.File
file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc = nil
file_helloworld_proto_goTypes = nil
file_helloworld_proto_depIdxs = nil
}
// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
var _ context.Context
var _ grpc.ClientConnInterface
// This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
// is compatible with the grpc package it is being compiled against.
const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion6
// GreeterClient is the client API for Greeter service.
//
// For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/grpc#ClientConn.NewStream.
type GreeterClient interface {
SayHello(ctx context.Context, in *HelloRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*HelloResponse, error)
}
type greeterClient struct {
cc grpc.ClientConnInterface
}
func NewGreeterClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) GreeterClient {
return &greeterClient{cc}
}
func (c *greeterClient) SayHello(ctx context.Context, in *HelloRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*HelloResponse, error) {
out := new(HelloResponse)
err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/Greeter/SayHello", in, out, opts...)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return out, nil
}
// GreeterServer is the server API for Greeter service.
type GreeterServer interface {
SayHello(context.Context, *HelloRequest) (*HelloResponse, error)
}
// UnimplementedGreeterServer can be embedded to have forward compatible implementations.
type UnimplementedGreeterServer struct {
}
func (*UnimplementedGreeterServer) SayHello(context.Context, *HelloRequest) (*HelloResponse, error) {
return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SayHello not implemented")
}
func RegisterGreeterServer(s *grpc.Server, srv GreeterServer) {
s.RegisterService(&_Greeter_serviceDesc, srv)
}
func _Greeter_SayHello_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
in := new(HelloRequest)
if err := dec(in); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if interceptor == nil {
return srv.(GreeterServer).SayHello(ctx, in)
}
info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
Server: srv,
FullMethod: "/Greeter/SayHello",
}
handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
return srv.(GreeterServer).SayHello(ctx, req.(*HelloRequest))
}
return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
}
var _Greeter_serviceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
ServiceName: "Greeter",
HandlerType: (*GreeterServer)(nil),
Methods: []grpc.MethodDesc{
{
MethodName: "SayHello",
Handler: _Greeter_SayHello_Handler,
},
},
Streams: []grpc.StreamDesc{},
Metadata: "helloworld.proto",
}
编写Server端：
server.go：
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"go-micro-service-architect/cn/ljxwtl/micro/rpc_service_new/protobuf"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
"net"
)
type Server struct {
}
func (s *Server) SayHello(ctx context.Context, in *protobuf.HelloRequest) (*protobuf.HelloResponse, error) {
return &protobuf.HelloResponse{
Reply: "hello===>>>" + in.Name,
}, nil
}
func main() {
server := grpc.NewServer()
protobuf.RegisterGreeterServer(server, &Server{})
listen, err := net.Listen("tcp", "0.0.0.0:8080")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err.Error())
}
err = server.Serve(listen)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err.Error())
}
}
客户端代码：
client.go：
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"go-micro-service-architect/cn/ljxwtl/micro/rpc_service_new/protobuf"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
)
func main() {
conn, err := grpc.Dial("127.0.0.1:8080", grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer conn.Close()
client := protobuf.NewGreeterClient(conn)
response, err := client.SayHello(context.Background(), &protobuf.HelloRequest{
Name: "test test",
})
fmt.Println(response.Reply)
}
请求客户端执行：
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