当前位置：网站首页>protobuf与grpc
protobuf与grpc
2022-07-03 13:40:00 【天龙至尊】
protobuf的使用：
这里介绍protobuf的工具的下载与使用，以及结合grpc进行微服务框架的编写！！！
protoc的程序的下载链接如下：
Releases · protocolbuffers/protobuf · GitHubProtocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format - Releases · protocolbuffers/protobuf
https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases选择对应的操作系统类型的protoc下载即可！！！
这里需要：github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go这个库
GitHub - golang/protobuf: Go support for Google's protocol buffersGo support for Google's protocol buffers. Contribute to golang/protobuf development by creating an account on GitHub.https://github.com/golang/protobuf
需要注意的是：
protoc的版本要和protoc-gen-go的版本要一致才行，不然生成出来的代码会出错！！！
go get github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go编写proto文件：
helloworld.proto：
syntax = "proto3";
option go_package = "./";
message HelloRequest{
string name = 1;
int32 age = 2;
repeated string courses = 3;
}要想使用protoc这个程序，需要进行环境变量的配置；环境变量的配置无论是在windows、macOs、Linux的都不具体说明了。
配置好protoc的环境变量后，我们就可以在全局使用protoc这个命令了！
protoc -I . helloworld.proto --go_out=plugins=grpc:.这样会生成一个helloworld.pb.go的文件：
helloworld.pb.go：
// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
// versions:
// protoc-gen-go v1.26.0
// protoc v3.21.2
// source: helloworld.proto
package protobuf
import (
protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
reflect "reflect"
sync "sync"
)
const (
// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
)
type HelloRequest struct {
state protoimpl.MessageState
sizeCache protoimpl.SizeCache
unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
Name string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
Age int32 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=age,proto3" json:"age,omitempty"`
Courses []string `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=courses,proto3" json:"courses,omitempty"`
}
func (x *HelloRequest) Reset() {
*x = HelloRequest{}
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
mi := &file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[0]
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
}
func (x *HelloRequest) String() string {
return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
}
func (*HelloRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
func (x *HelloRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
mi := &file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[0]
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
return ms
}
return mi.MessageOf(x)
}
// Deprecated: Use HelloRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
func (*HelloRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return file_helloworld_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
}
func (x *HelloRequest) GetName() string {
if x != nil {
return x.Name
}
return ""
}
func (x *HelloRequest) GetAge() int32 {
if x != nil {
return x.Age
}
return 0
}
func (x *HelloRequest) GetCourses() []string {
if x != nil {
return x.Courses
}
return nil
}
var File_helloworld_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
var file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
0x0a, 0x10, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f,
0x74, 0x6f, 0x22, 0x4e, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x52, 0x65, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65,
0x73, 0x74, 0x12, 0x12, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09,
0x52, 0x04, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x12, 0x10, 0x0a, 0x03, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x18, 0x02, 0x20,
0x01, 0x28, 0x05, 0x52, 0x03, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x12, 0x18, 0x0a, 0x07, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x72,
0x73, 0x65, 0x73, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x07, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x72, 0x73,
0x65, 0x73, 0x42, 0x04, 0x5a, 0x02, 0x2e, 0x2f, 0x62, 0x06, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
}
var (
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData = file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc
)
func file_helloworld_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData)
})
return file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData
}
var file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 1)
var file_helloworld_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
(*HelloRequest)(nil), // 0: HelloRequest
}
var file_helloworld_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for method output_type
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for method input_type
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension type_name
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension extendee
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for field type_name
}
func init() { file_helloworld_proto_init() }
func file_helloworld_proto_init() {
if File_helloworld_proto != nil {
return
}
if !protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[0].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
switch v := v.(*HelloRequest); i {
case 0:
return &v.state
case 1:
return &v.sizeCache
case 2:
return &v.unknownFields
default:
return nil
}
}
}
type x struct{}
out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
RawDescriptor: file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc,
NumEnums: 0,
NumMessages: 1,
NumExtensions: 0,
NumServices: 0,
},
GoTypes: file_helloworld_proto_goTypes,
DependencyIndexes: file_helloworld_proto_depIdxs,
MessageInfos: file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes,
}.Build()
File_helloworld_proto = out.File
file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc = nil
file_helloworld_proto_goTypes = nil
file_helloworld_proto_depIdxs = nil
}
测试protobuf的压缩率与json的对比：
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
"go-micro-service-architect/cn/ljxwtl/micro/rpc_service_new/protobuf"
)
type Hello struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Age int32 `json:"age"`
Courses []string `json:"courses"`
}
func main() {
var request = protobuf.HelloRequest{
Name: "bobby",
Age: 30,
Courses: []string{"go", "java", "python"},
}
bytes, _ := proto.Marshal(&request)
fmt.Println(len(bytes), bytes)
var hello = &Hello{
Name: "bobby",
Age: 30,
Courses: []string{"go", "java", "python"},
}
marshal, _ := json.Marshal(hello)
fmt.Println(len(marshal))
var targetReq = new(protobuf.HelloRequest)
_ = proto.Unmarshal(bytes, targetReq)
fmt.Println(targetReq)
}
几乎是两倍多的对比。
grpc的使用：
helloworld.proto：
syntax = "proto3";
option go_package = "./;protobuf";
service Greeter{
rpc SayHello(HelloRequest) returns (HelloResponse);
}
message HelloRequest{
string name = 1;
int32 age = 2;
repeated string courses = 3;
}
message HelloResponse{
string reply = 1;
}运行命令：
protoc -I . helloworld.proto --go_out=plugins=grpc:.就会生成如下的代码：
helloworld.pb.go：
// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
// versions:
// protoc-gen-go v1.26.0
// protoc v3.21.2
// source: helloworld.proto
package protobuf
import (
context "context"
grpc "google.golang.org/grpc"
codes "google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
status "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
reflect "reflect"
sync "sync"
)
const (
// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
)
type HelloRequest struct {
state protoimpl.MessageState
sizeCache protoimpl.SizeCache
unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
Name string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
Age int32 `protobuf:"varint,2,opt,name=age,proto3" json:"age,omitempty"`
Courses []string `protobuf:"bytes,3,rep,name=courses,proto3" json:"courses,omitempty"`
}
func (x *HelloRequest) Reset() {
*x = HelloRequest{}
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
mi := &file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[0]
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
}
func (x *HelloRequest) String() string {
return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
}
func (*HelloRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
func (x *HelloRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
mi := &file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[0]
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
return ms
}
return mi.MessageOf(x)
}
// Deprecated: Use HelloRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
func (*HelloRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return file_helloworld_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
}
func (x *HelloRequest) GetName() string {
if x != nil {
return x.Name
}
return ""
}
func (x *HelloRequest) GetAge() int32 {
if x != nil {
return x.Age
}
return 0
}
func (x *HelloRequest) GetCourses() []string {
if x != nil {
return x.Courses
}
return nil
}
type HelloResponse struct {
state protoimpl.MessageState
sizeCache protoimpl.SizeCache
unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
Reply string `protobuf:"bytes,1,opt,name=reply,proto3" json:"reply,omitempty"`
}
func (x *HelloResponse) Reset() {
*x = HelloResponse{}
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
mi := &file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[1]
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
}
func (x *HelloResponse) String() string {
return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
}
func (*HelloResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
func (x *HelloResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
mi := &file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[1]
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
return ms
}
return mi.MessageOf(x)
}
// Deprecated: Use HelloResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
func (*HelloResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return file_helloworld_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
}
func (x *HelloResponse) GetReply() string {
if x != nil {
return x.Reply
}
return ""
}
var File_helloworld_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
var file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
0x0a, 0x10, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x77, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x6c, 0x64, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f,
0x74, 0x6f, 0x22, 0x4e, 0x0a, 0x0c, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x52, 0x65, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65,
0x73, 0x74, 0x12, 0x12, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01, 0x28, 0x09,
0x52, 0x04, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x12, 0x10, 0x0a, 0x03, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x18, 0x02, 0x20,
0x01, 0x28, 0x05, 0x52, 0x03, 0x61, 0x67, 0x65, 0x12, 0x18, 0x0a, 0x07, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x72,
0x73, 0x65, 0x73, 0x18, 0x03, 0x20, 0x03, 0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x07, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x75, 0x72, 0x73,
0x65, 0x73, 0x22, 0x25, 0x0a, 0x0d, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x52, 0x65, 0x73, 0x70, 0x6f,
0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x12, 0x14, 0x0a, 0x05, 0x72, 0x65, 0x70, 0x6c, 0x79, 0x18, 0x01, 0x20, 0x01,
0x28, 0x09, 0x52, 0x05, 0x72, 0x65, 0x70, 0x6c, 0x79, 0x32, 0x34, 0x0a, 0x07, 0x47, 0x72, 0x65,
0x65, 0x74, 0x65, 0x72, 0x12, 0x29, 0x0a, 0x08, 0x53, 0x61, 0x79, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f,
0x12, 0x0d, 0x2e, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x52, 0x65, 0x71, 0x75, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x1a,
0x0e, 0x2e, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x52, 0x65, 0x73, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x42,
0x0d, 0x5a, 0x0b, 0x2e, 0x2f, 0x3b, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x62, 0x06,
0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
}
var (
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData = file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc
)
func file_helloworld_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData)
})
return file_helloworld_proto_rawDescData
}
var file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 2)
var file_helloworld_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
(*HelloRequest)(nil), // 0: HelloRequest
(*HelloResponse)(nil), // 1: HelloResponse
}
var file_helloworld_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
0, // 0: Greeter.SayHello:input_type -> HelloRequest
1, // 1: Greeter.SayHello:output_type -> HelloResponse
1, // [1:2] is the sub-list for method output_type
0, // [0:1] is the sub-list for method input_type
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension type_name
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for extension extendee
0, // [0:0] is the sub-list for field type_name
}
func init() { file_helloworld_proto_init() }
func file_helloworld_proto_init() {
if File_helloworld_proto != nil {
return
}
if !protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[0].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
switch v := v.(*HelloRequest); i {
case 0:
return &v.state
case 1:
return &v.sizeCache
case 2:
return &v.unknownFields
default:
return nil
}
}
file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes[1].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
switch v := v.(*HelloResponse); i {
case 0:
return &v.state
case 1:
return &v.sizeCache
case 2:
return &v.unknownFields
default:
return nil
}
}
}
type x struct{}
out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
RawDescriptor: file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc,
NumEnums: 0,
NumMessages: 2,
NumExtensions: 0,
NumServices: 1,
},
GoTypes: file_helloworld_proto_goTypes,
DependencyIndexes: file_helloworld_proto_depIdxs,
MessageInfos: file_helloworld_proto_msgTypes,
}.Build()
File_helloworld_proto = out.File
file_helloworld_proto_rawDesc = nil
file_helloworld_proto_goTypes = nil
file_helloworld_proto_depIdxs = nil
}
// Reference imports to suppress errors if they are not otherwise used.
var _ context.Context
var _ grpc.ClientConnInterface
// This is a compile-time assertion to ensure that this generated file
// is compatible with the grpc package it is being compiled against.
const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion6
// GreeterClient is the client API for Greeter service.
//
// For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/grpc#ClientConn.NewStream.
type GreeterClient interface {
SayHello(ctx context.Context, in *HelloRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*HelloResponse, error)
}
type greeterClient struct {
cc grpc.ClientConnInterface
}
func NewGreeterClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) GreeterClient {
return &greeterClient{cc}
}
func (c *greeterClient) SayHello(ctx context.Context, in *HelloRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*HelloResponse, error) {
out := new(HelloResponse)
err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, "/Greeter/SayHello", in, out, opts...)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return out, nil
}
// GreeterServer is the server API for Greeter service.
type GreeterServer interface {
SayHello(context.Context, *HelloRequest) (*HelloResponse, error)
}
// UnimplementedGreeterServer can be embedded to have forward compatible implementations.
type UnimplementedGreeterServer struct {
}
func (*UnimplementedGreeterServer) SayHello(context.Context, *HelloRequest) (*HelloResponse, error) {
return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method SayHello not implemented")
}
func RegisterGreeterServer(s *grpc.Server, srv GreeterServer) {
s.RegisterService(&_Greeter_serviceDesc, srv)
}
func _Greeter_SayHello_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
in := new(HelloRequest)
if err := dec(in); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if interceptor == nil {
return srv.(GreeterServer).SayHello(ctx, in)
}
info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
Server: srv,
FullMethod: "/Greeter/SayHello",
}
handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
return srv.(GreeterServer).SayHello(ctx, req.(*HelloRequest))
}
return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
}
var _Greeter_serviceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
ServiceName: "Greeter",
HandlerType: (*GreeterServer)(nil),
Methods: []grpc.MethodDesc{
{
MethodName: "SayHello",
Handler: _Greeter_SayHello_Handler,
},
},
Streams: []grpc.StreamDesc{},
Metadata: "helloworld.proto",
}
编写Server端：
server.go：
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"go-micro-service-architect/cn/ljxwtl/micro/rpc_service_new/protobuf"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
"net"
)
type Server struct {
}
func (s *Server) SayHello(ctx context.Context, in *protobuf.HelloRequest) (*protobuf.HelloResponse, error) {
return &protobuf.HelloResponse{
Reply: "hello===>>>" + in.Name,
}, nil
}
func main() {
server := grpc.NewServer()
protobuf.RegisterGreeterServer(server, &Server{})
listen, err := net.Listen("tcp", "0.0.0.0:8080")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err.Error())
}
err = server.Serve(listen)
if err != nil {
fmt.Println(err.Error())
}
}
客户端代码：
client.go：
package main
import (
"context"
"fmt"
"go-micro-service-architect/cn/ljxwtl/micro/rpc_service_new/protobuf"
"google.golang.org/grpc"
"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials/insecure"
)
func main() {
conn, err := grpc.Dial("127.0.0.1:8080", grpc.WithTransportCredentials(insecure.NewCredentials()))
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer conn.Close()
client := protobuf.NewGreeterClient(conn)
response, err := client.SayHello(context.Background(), &protobuf.HelloRequest{
Name: "test test",
})
fmt.Println(response.Reply)
}
请求客户端执行：
边栏推荐
- [Jilin University] information sharing of postgraduate entrance examination and re examination
- How to use lxml to judge whether the website announcement is updated
- Qt学习20 Qt 中的标准对话框（中）
- Collection of mobile adaptation related articles
- Uniapp skills - scrolling components -1
- Rasp implementation of PHP
- 28: Chapter 3: develop Passport Service: 11: define attributes in the configuration file, and then obtain them in the code;
- 玖逸云黑免费无加密版本源码
- Generate directories from web content
- QT learning 19 standard dialog box in QT (top)
猜你喜欢
7-10 calculate salary
Exercise 10-8 recursive implementation of sequential output of integers
FPGA test method takes mentor tool as an example
核酸修饰的金属有机框架药物载体|PCN-223金属有机骨架包载Ad金刚烷|ZIF-8包裹阿霉素(DOX)
Vite project commissioning
Why are grass-roots colleges and universities with "soil and poverty" called "Northeast small Tsinghua"?
Uio-66-cooh loaded bendamostine | hydroxyapatite (HA) coated MIL-53 (FE) nanoparticles | baicalin loaded manganese based metal organic skeleton material
[email protected]纳米颗粒)|纳米金属有机框架搭载雷帕霉素|科研试剂"/>金属有机骨架材料ZIF-8包载姜黄素([email protected]纳米颗粒)|纳米金属有机框架搭载雷帕霉素|科研试剂
Common network state detection and analysis tools
Comprehensive case of MySQL data addition, deletion, modification and query
随机推荐
Conversion function and explicit
Nucleic acid modified metal organic framework drug carrier | pcn-223 metal organic framework encapsulated ad adamantane | zif-8 encapsulated adriamycin (DOX)
JVM class loading
JVM垃圾回收机
Invalid Z-index problem
Onmenusharetimeline custom shared content is invalid, and the title and icon are not displayed
Multi person collaborative data annotation based on Baidu brain easydata from scratch
叶酸修饰的金属-有机骨架（ZIF-8）载黄芩苷|金属有机骨架复合磁性材料([email protected])|制备路线
Exercise 10-1 calculate the sum of 1 to n using recursive functions
selenium 浏览器（1）
Implementation of Muduo asynchronous logging
Uio-66-cooh loaded bendamostine | hydroxyapatite (HA) coated MIL-53 (FE) nanoparticles | baicalin loaded manganese based metal organic skeleton material
QT learning 20 standard dialog box in QT (middle)
Article content typesetting and code highlighting
How to use lxml to judge whether the website announcement is updated
金属有机骨架(MOFs)抗肿瘤药载体|PCN-223装载甲硝唑|UiO-66包载盐酸环丙沙星([email protected])
Use and design of Muduo buffer class
Cross linked cyclodextrin metal organic framework loaded methotrexate slow-release particles | metal organic porous material uio-66 loaded with flavonoid glycosides | Qiyue
关于回溯问题中的排列问题的思考（LeetCode46题与47题）
JS general form submission 1-onsubmit