Go learning notes (1) environment installation and hello world

Time really fast , I have learned 4 More than months go The language . I have loved this language since I first came into contact with it ,go There are many language shadows , Learn quickly and write comfortably . The best thing for me is to use go The written program can package all dependencies into one file , It's very convenient to deploy .

Although with go I've written a lot of code , But there is no systematic study and sorting . Always use what function, go online search . Next, I want to spend a little time studying systematically every day go Language , Write down some experiences and ideas you learned and used , To deepen the go The understanding of the .

If you just want to try go The language of words ,go The official language provides an online programming environment https://go.dev/play/ You can program online directly on the web .

Click after writing Run You can just run it , spot Format The current code will be formatted , If you use VS Code or GoLand The code will be automatically formatted every time the code is saved or compiled .

go The environment installation of is very simple , To https://go.dev/dl/ Just download and install the installer of the corresponding system ,IDE You can use VS Code collocation go Language plug-ins ,VS Code Sometimes there are some small problems when using it , If you want a better programming experience, you can use GoLand,JetBrains Products must be fine .

packed go By default, a go Folder , This is for storing go Some programs and packages of . If you want to change to another directory, you need to modify GOPATH environment variable , Generally, there is no need to modify .

After installation, it can run on the terminal go version To confirm go It's really installed , If the prompt does not find the command , You need to in PATH Add... To the environment variable go Directory of executable programs . Usually in the user folder go/bin/ Under the folder .

When everything is in place , Find a text editor or IDE（ Recommend to use GoLand or VS Code）, You can start writing code . One of the simplest Hello World The procedure is as follows

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, world!")
}

Save the code as hello.go , Run at terminal go run hello.go Will be output ：Hello, world!

go run Although the command will compile and execute the code , But it will not save the compiled program , If you want to compile the code into an executable file, you need go build 了

function go build . You can generate an executable file with the current directory name , If you want to specify a file name, you can use go build -o file name

go build Cross compiling is also supported , The target program compilation of different architectures and systems can be realized on the three mainstream operating systems .

Mac Compile below Linux, Windows Platform 64 Bit executable

CGO_ENABLED=0  GOOS=linux    GOARCH=amd64 go build .CGO_ENABLED=0  GOOS=windows  GOARCH=amd64 go build .

Linux Compile below Mac, Windows Platform 64 Bit executable

CGO_ENABLED=0  GOOS=darwin   GOARCH=amd64 go build .CGO_ENABLED=0  GOOS=windows  GOARCH=amd64 go build .

Windows Compile below Mac, Linux Platform 64 Bit executable

SET CGO_ENABLED=0 SET GOOS=darwin3 SET GOARCH=amd64 go build .SET CGO_ENABLED=0 SET GOOS=linux   SET GOARCH=amd64 go build .

If you want to compile arm64 The architecture of the program only needs to put the above GOARCH Set the environment variable to arm64 That's it , Is it very convenient .

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