Strategic management of project organization

Project management is the implementation and refinement of strategic management . Understand the strategic management of the project organization , In order to better understand project management at all levels .

Organizational strategy is to organize and implement project management at all levels , Including portfolio management 、 The foundation of project set management and project management . Only from the perspective of organizational strategy , Think about the position of project management at all levels in the organization , To understand the role of project management at all levels in the implementation of organizational strategies . At the same time, strategic management also provides specific objectives and basis for project management , Project management at all levels needs to be consistent with the organization's strategy .

One 、 Organizational strategic management

1、 Strategy and strategic management
The strategic focus of the organization includes two basic directions ： The future development direction of the organization , Resource allocation strategy . Its effect is , Unified understanding , Cohesive forces , Unite and lead everyone to work together .

Strategic management is the decision of strategy , And the tracking of implementation 、 supervise 、 Change, etc .

2、 The main content of organizational strategy
strategic target 、 Strategic approach 、 Strategy implementation capability 、 Strategic measures .

3、 Decomposition of strategy implementation process
Strategy implementation is a top-down dynamic management process . The so-called top-down refers to , After the high-level reached an agreement , Communicate to the middle and lower levels , decompose 、 To implement .

Two 、 Types and levels of organizational strategy

Different organizational strategies , Adopt different forms of project management . Organization as the carrier of project management , Its strategic decision on the structure of the project management system 、 The division of rights, responsibilities and interests between organizations and projects has a far-reaching impact , The strategic culture of the organization will also affect the organizational cultural atmosphere of the project . So for understanding portfolio management 、 Project set management and single project management , It is necessary to first understand the type of organizational strategy .

1、 Type of organizational strategy
The type of enterprise strategy , It depends on what problems need to be solved . The main problems faced by the organization are career problems 、 Engineering problems 、 Administrative issues . Career problem solving market share , Be responsible for solving and implementing engineering problems , The administration is responsible for authorizing 、 Organizational structure . Of course, there are many other aspects .

The type of strategy mentioned here , It refers to the type of career strategy ：

1） Defender strategy
Maintain a stable market share , Take long-term planning as the main basis for the implementation of organizational strategy . Cost leadership , The problem is how to ensure organizational efficiency .

2） Explorer strategy
Committed to innovation , The core skills are market ability and R & D ability . There are more technology types and longer product lines . The organization mode generally adopts decentralized mode , Flat Management . Appoint generalists , Not professionals .

3） Analyst strategy
While ensuring that the organization avoids risks , And can provide innovative products and services . It can adapt to a more stable environment , It can also adapt to the rapidly changing environment . The salient feature is balance , Strike a balance between the defender strategy and the Explorer strategy .

4） Responder strategy
Passive reaction . Both lack the ability to adapt to external competition , And lack of effective internal control mechanism . There is no systematic strategic design and organizational planning , Have to , It will not adjust to changes in the external environment .

2、 Type of organization

1） Command type
Highly centralized , The environment is stable , Single business , The organization is in a strong competitive position , Loose resources , Smooth information channels , There is a long-term plan .

The strategist is separated from the executor , General managers lack executive motivation , Even resist 、 Refuse to enforce .

2） Transformational
In the process of strategy implementation , Carry out a series of changes to the organization , Take the new organization as the command center , Deliver strategic intent , Mobilization of resources . This mode is generally more effective than the command type , But it does not solve the problem of how to obtain accurate information that exists in the command type , And various interest issues , It may also lead to a loss of strategic flexibility , It is more difficult to deal with new problems such as changes in the external environment .

3） Cooperative
The top level shares strategic responsibilities with other top levels , Give play to the collective wisdom , Discuss everything thoroughly , Form an agreement and then implement .

The cooperative type overcomes the limitations of the command type and the transformational type , Make the senior management closer to the front-line managers , Get more accurate information ; Strategy formulation is based on collective participation , Improve the success rate of implementation . The disadvantage is that strategy is the result of compromise between all parties , Not necessarily the most reasonable , And it is still the separation between the maker and the executor , Failed to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of all staff .

4） Cultural
Mobilize all to participate in the formulation and implementation of the strategy , Work under common strategic objectives , Implement quickly , Less risk .

The disadvantage is that it may be difficult to implement , Inefficient , Be mere formality .

5） Growth
Decentralization , Encourage general management cadres to formulate strategies and implement . Encourage innovation , Bottom up .

6） Summary
The implementation of the strategy is full of contradictions and problems , In the process, only various positive factors can be mobilized , To succeed . Above 5 The two strategic implementation modes have different emphases , Command type and cooperation type focus more on formulating strategies , The cultural type and the growth type give more consideration to the implementation of strategies . actually , Often multiple modes are mixed and used cross .

3、 Organizational strategic level
Target layer 、 Policy level 、 Behavior layer .

3、 ... and 、 Decomposition of organizational strategic objectives

It can be divided into organizational strategies 、 Business level strategy 、 Functional level, strategy and other levels .

From the perspective of project management , Portfolio Management 、 Project set management and single project management are the refinement and implementation of organizational strategy , Ensure that the strategic objectives are achieved .