当前位置:网站首页>If a university wants to choose to study automation, what books can it read in advance?
If a university wants to choose to study automation, what books can it read in advance?
2022-07-06 09:44:00 【Dafang teacher embedded】
Universities want to choose to study Automation , What books can you read to know in advance ?
Automation is a big category , There are many technologies . For example, the automatic face recognition door opening system of many community gates , Is one of the applications of Automation . In Automation , Automatic control accounts for a large proportion .
The subject is obviously a high school student , Let me tell high school students about automatic control .
1. Examples of water level control
Let's look at the picture below :
chart 1: Pool level control
chart 1 It's a pool . We expect that the outflow of water will not be interrupted , And to ensure that the minimum water pressure P, So we must keep the water level in the pool between the highest and lowest water levels . obviously , We can use the water level measuring device , When the water level is lower than the minimum water level, the water pump will be started to inject water into the pool , When the water level exceeds the maximum water level, stop the pump . In the process , The water inflow per unit time must be greater than the water outflow .
Because of the figure 1 The water level in is fluctuating between the highest water level and the lowest water level , We call this kind of control bit control .
If we raise the lowest water level and approach the highest water level , Even the two are merged , Then the water level control at this time will realize continuous control within its allowable deviation range .
Pass diagram 1, We see two ways of control , Positional control and continuous control .
For continuous control , The water level H Of course, it is our control target . The water level is collected by the sensor , We subtract the control line from the collected real-time water level position ( Maximum water level ) Get the water level deviation ΔH. According to the deviation ΔH Size , Let's control the speed of the pump motor , So as to regulate the flow of water Q1: deviation ΔH The bigger it is , The greater the inflow flow ; deviation ΔH The smaller it is , The smaller the inflow flow . When the deviation ΔH When it's zero , The water pump stops . We call this control method proportional control . In this way , We can realize the continuous control of the water level of the pool .
However , When the water level changes suddenly , Proportion control alone is not competent . We express this kind of abrupt variable by differential , namely dH/dt. Once a mutation occurs , The control system starts the water pump to increase the flow according to the sudden variable , We call this kind of control differential control .
When the water level is sufficiently close to the control point , The deviation is small , Proportion control is no longer competent . At this point, we accumulate the deviation with integral , When the deviation accumulates to a certain extent, we adjust the pump flow to eliminate the deviation . We call this kind of control integral control .
The above proportion 、 Integral and differential control methods are used PID To express .
Let's look at the picture below :
chart 2:PID Control curve
chart 2 in , The dotted line is the control line . We see two dashed lines , It is used to characterize the deviation of control , Or control accuracy . chart 2 For different proportion coefficients Kp Several curves are given , We see that the larger the proportion, the greater the overshoot of the control quantity . so ,PID The specific parameters of measurement and control technology are very particular .
2. What technologies and courses are involved in automatic control ?
In the above example of water level control , We should be able to feel that automatic control is related to a lot of knowledge and Technology . So for general automatic control system , What knowledge is it related to ? Let's list and analyze below :
The first is power supply and distribution technology and motor control technology , It is related to electrical engineering 、 Power transformer 、 Power supply and distribution system 、 Switching technology is related .
The second is sensor technology , It is related to analog electronic technology 、 Digital electronic technology , And the acquisition technology of electric parameters and non electric parameters .
The third is single chip technology 、PLC Technology, data exchange and computer control principle .
The fourth is the principle of automatic control , This is the core technology .
The fifth is the working principle and process conditions of mechanical equipment , For example, water pump unit 、 Piping system, etc , And operation process requirements, etc .
Let's discuss it in relative depth below .
(1) circuit analysis
Circuit analysis is a basic course of Electrical Technology .
We read DC circuit and AC circuit in Middle School , But that's just the most basic concept , Even the threshold of circuit analysis has not entered .
We are in circuit analysis , Will read voltage source and current source , There are also controlled sources . Will read the resistance 、 Characteristics of inductance and capacitance in DC circuit , And the method of solving DC circuit . For AC circuits , Due to the existing amplitude changes of voltage and current , There are also phase and frequency changes , For this reason, we will learn a special parameter called phasor .
Notice that the phasor is not a vector or a vector . For example, torque in mechanics is vector , It is force 、 The product of the force arm and the sine of the included angle , We call it the cross product of vectors . The cross product of current phasor and voltage phasor is reactive power , It's scalar . It can be seen that the phasor is not a vector or a vector .
We will also learn the response of the circuit , And the relationship between electrical parameters and frequency .
Learn circuit analysis , You need a basic mathematical tool , It's Higher Mathematics .
(2) Analog Electronics 、 Digital electronic technology and power electronic technology
These three courses are the basic courses for us to further study circuit design . Through the study of these three courses , Know how to design transistor circuits 、 Operational amplifier circuit 、 Circuits composed of various basic digital integrated chips , And the principle of thyristor rectification and control . We can further learn about frequency converters that are widely used 、 Working principle of soft starter .
You can say that , These three courses are the core technologies of contemporary industrial control instruments and control devices .
(3) Single chip microcomputer 、PLC Control technology and data exchange technology
SCM is widely used in industrial control , Even our washing machine and refrigerator have single-chip computers , It can be seen that the importance of SCM technology .
PLC It is a special industrial product of single chip microcomputer , It has extremely high anti electromagnetic disturbance ability .
Electromagnetic disturbance , It has two aspects , One is the ability of the equipment to resist electromagnetic interference , The second is that it will not generate electromagnetic signals to interfere with other equipment .
utilize PLC, Program control can be realized , Realize data exchange under industrial fieldbus and industrial Ethernet , It is widely used .
utilize PLC, We can transfer the on-site information to the computer control center , In this way, computer control can be realized .
(4) Automatic control principle
The principle of automatic control is the core theory of Automation .
From the picture 1 Water level control , We can vaguely feel , The controlled quantity can be expressed by one or more differential equations , How to solve differential equations in automatic control technology has obviously become a key content .
Let's think about the relationship between logarithm and anti number . We use logarithm to multiply, divide and power 、 Square root becomes addition and subtraction and multiplication and division , After the calculation, reverse the transformation , You can get the answer . In the principle of automatic control , Change the differential equation into the complex field by using the integral transformation in the function of complex variable , Differential equations become algebraic equations . This kind of algebraic equation is called transfer function in automatic control technology . We solve the transfer function by algebraic equation , It's much easier , Then the inverse transformation returns to the real number field , Continue to solve and get the final solution .
In automatic control technology , Often no longer change back , Directly use the transfer function to perform analysis and solution .
As I said before PID equation , And the software that executes power monitoring in the computer , They can be solved by transfer function . even to the extent that , stay PLC In the internal module of , There's a special one PID Module and transfer function parsing module .
The principle of automatic control is that input parameters 、 Feedback parameters 、 Regulation control is connected with output control .
3. For high school students , What books should we read to understand Automation ?
We can see from the previous description , It is impossible to learn automation technology at the level of high school students , But if we only understand automation , It should be possible .
Let me introduce some books to the subject .
The first book :《 A book to understand driverless 》, Edited by Yang Kuan and others , Published by chemical industry press .
The second book :《 What is automation 》, Edited by Wang Hongwei , Published by Dalian University of Technology Press .
The third book :《 Artificial intelligence : use AI Technology creates an intelligent future 》, China Science and Technology Press
The fourth book :《 Introduction to Automation 》, The second edition , Written by Dai Xianzhong , Higher Education Press
I only have these four books , It feels good , Among them, the second and third books are worth promoting .
As for college textbooks , It is suggested that the subject should be exempted . For one thing, we have to take the college entrance examination ourselves , These textbooks are too deep , It is not recommended to read textbooks .
边栏推荐
猜你喜欢
[deep learning] semantic segmentation: thesis reading (neurips 2021) maskformer: per pixel classification is not all you need
Publish and subscribe to redis
Mapreduce实例(七):单表join
Some thoughts on the study of 51 single chip microcomputer
O & M, let go of monitoring - let go of yourself
Elk project monitoring platform deployment + deployment of detailed use (II)
Design and implementation of online snack sales system based on b/s (attached: source code paper SQL file)
Hero League rotation chart manual rotation
Interview shock 62: what are the precautions for group by?
Design and implementation of online shopping system based on Web (attached: source code paper SQL file)
随机推荐
Global and Chinese market of linear regulators 2022-2028: Research Report on technology, participants, trends, market size and share
基于B/S的网上零食销售系统的设计与实现(附:源码 论文 Sql文件)
嵌入式中的合作开发--函数指针
Global and Chinese market of electronic tubes 2022-2028: Research Report on technology, participants, trends, market size and share
Popularization of security knowledge - twelve moves to protect mobile phones from network attacks
英雄联盟轮播图自动轮播
Lua script of redis
Detailed explanation of cookies and sessions
Why data Tiering
I2C summary (single host and multi host)
Global and Chinese market of bank smart cards 2022-2028: Research Report on technology, participants, trends, market size and share
一大波开源小抄来袭
五月刷题01——数组
Mapreduce实例(九):Reduce端join
May brush question 02 - string
Redis distributed lock implementation redison 15 questions
Keep these four requirements in mind when learning single chip microcomputer with zero foundation and avoid detours
[deep learning] semantic segmentation - source code summary
MapReduce instance (IV): natural sorting
【深度學習】語義分割-源代碼匯總