Detailed explanation of IP address and preparation of DOS basic commands and batch processing

One . LAN

LAN ： It's commonly known as the intranet

The composition of simple LAN ： Switch , Ethernet cable ,pc

Switch ： Set up the LAN equipment of the intranet

Router ： Connect external network and internal network

Two .IP Address

IP An address is a unique identifier , It's a network code （ Binary system ）, from 32 A composition .

After converting to dotted decimal ： x.x.x.x      x The scope of the 0-255

3、 ... and . Subnet mask

Yes IP There must be a subnet mask    One IP The address must have a subnet mask

LAN communication rules ： In the same LAN , all IP You must be in the same network segment to communicate

IP The composition of the address ; Network bit + Host bit （ The network bits are the same IP The address of is the same network segment ）

Subnet mask ： Used to determine IP Network bit of address

How the subnet mask determines the network bit ： And 255 The corresponding number is network bit , And 0 The corresponding host bit

255.0.0.0

255.255.0.0

255.255.255.0

for example 10.1.1.1     255.255.0.0            Belong to 10.1.0.0 Network segment Name is .1.1.1   Network segment broadcast address ：10.1.255.255

（ When all host bits are set 0 Represents the network segment , Set all 255 Represents the broadcast address of the network segment ）

What cannot be used here is that the host bits cannot be all 0 Or all 255, For example, if the subnet mask is 255.255.0.0 Words , that IP The address can be 10.1.1.255 perhaps 10.1.1.0, But not for 10.1.255.255 perhaps 10.1.0.0. Remember that with the subnet mask 0 The corresponding host bit .

International standards organization ISO Define address classification ： Five categories

Four . How to match IP

Network properties ----> Internet agreement

Automatically acquired IP（ Will change ）

Manually configured IP（ It won't change ）    

5、 ... and . gateway

gateway ： An exit to the network Usually on the router

If several PC The device is in the same network segment , Even if the gateway is not configured （ Remove the gateway ）, These devices can still communicate , But if you want to communicate with devices in the Internet , Then the gateway must be configured .

6、 ... and .DNS

Detailed see ：

Domain name resolves to ip The process of _CYwxh0125 The blog of -CSDN Blog _ Domain name resolves to iphttps://blog.csdn.net/CYwxh0125/article/details/120913754?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501

 

ping   The goal is IP Address       # Test network connectivity   You can communicate if you go back and forth

ping -t The goal is IP Address      # constantly ping

ping -n Numbers Destination address   # modify ping The number of bags

Resolve the domain name manually    

nslookup

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basic DOS command

1. command ：colorf0

help ：color? effect ： Change the background and font color

2. command ：cls effect ： Clear the screen

3. command :dir effect ： Browse the contents of the current folder （ belt <dir> The identified folder is , Otherwise it's a document ）

Other uses ：dir Specify the path dird:\dird:\picdir/a# Browse everything , Including hidden content

4. command ： Disk character : effect ： Switch partitions , Such as ：c:d:e:

5. command ：cd.. effect ： Exit the first level directory

6. command ：cd Folder name function ： Enter folder

7.Tab key ： Complete the path function

8. command ：cd\ effect ： Go straight back to the root directory

9. command ：md Folder [ Folder folder ...........]

10. command ：rd Folder [ Folder folder ...........] effect ： Delete empty folder command ：rd Folder /s/q effect ： Silent deletion of non empty folders

11. route ： Relative paths ： Valid for current path , Such as ：...\456

Absolute path ： Write the path from the root , Such as ：\123\345

12. How to create a file ：echo character string >>[ route \] file name . Extension

13. command ：type file name . The extension works ： Browse the contents of a file

14. command ：del file name . The extension works ： Delete file

del*.txt      # Delete all txt Final document

del*.*       # Delete all files

del*.*/s/q    # Delete all files without prompting

15. Modify file or folder hidden attribute command ：attrib+h Full file name / Folder name

# Hide files or folders

attrib+s+h Full file name / Folder name # Promoted to a file protected by the system

16.

copy route \ file name route \ file name ： Copy a file to another place .

  Moving files

move route \ file name route \ file name ： Move a file （ It's cutting + Copy ） To another place .

17

Automatic shutdown command
 
Shutdown -s -t 60： Express 60 Turn off automatically in seconds
 
shutdown -a ： Can cancel timed shutdown
 
Shutdown -r -t 60： Express 60 Automatic restart in seconds
      
 shudowm -l ： Cancellation

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Batch write

1. Batch processing is used to process each command in batches from top to bottom , Until the last one （ Whether the command is executed successfully or not The following commands will still be executed ）

2. How to create a batch

Extension ：.bat

Create method ： Create a new notepad file , Then change the extension to .bat

Basic grammar

pause Pause

@echo off    Close back display   The execution process is not displayed

title effect ： Set the title for the batch script

： and goto

： Define tag names         goto Realize jump

A simple virus

Keep executing open cmd  until CPU completely fill