MATLAB extrait les données numériques d'un fichier txt irrégulier (simple et pratique)

Un.、Résumé de la situation antérieure

MontxtLes données textuelles sont présentées dans la figure（Section）,C'est les données topographiques d'un endroit et l'emplacement d'une attraction：

txtY compris les valeurs numériques、Texte、Parenthèses chinoises et anglaises、Virgule chinoise et anglaise、Espaces, etc,Bref, le type est complexe,En utilisantload、importdata、txtscanAttendre une fonction n'est pas très facile à gérer.

Voici une méthode rapide et très pratique.

2.、MATLABImporter des données

Auparavant, les fichiers étaient lus directement par Code d'utilité,Cette fonction est rarement utilisée,Mais cette fonctionnalité est très utile.（Bien sûr.,Lot、Les fichiers formatés sont également recommandés pour la lecture de code）.

2.1 Chargement des données

Un simple clic suffit：

2.2 Définir le diviseur

txt Le contenu est confus. , Mais il y a une séparation entre les données ,Comme les espaces、 Une virgule ou quelque chose comme ça. . Il y a beaucoup de séparateurs dans mes données. ,Les paramètres spécifiques sont les suivants：

Ici, vous pouvez définir le séparateur de données , Les séparateurs personnalisés prennent en charge n'importe quelle entrée de clavier （Les caractères chinois、Ponctuation、Changement de ligne, etc.）, Définir en fonction de la situation réelle .

Séparateur basé sur les paramètres ,txt Le document est divisé comme suit: ：

2.3 Format de sortie

Cette fonction peut être sortie table、Matrice、cell、 Tableau de chaînes, etc. , Ici, je sélectionne la matrice numérique .

Pourtxt Impossible d'importer cell, Les valeurs de remplacement peuvent être définies ,Par exemple:Nan（Peut être personnalisé）, Vous pouvez également supprimer cette ligne ou colonne .

Après avoir défini les conditions de sortie , Assurez - vous que les données à exporter sont sélectionnées （ Case ou ctrl A Sélectionner tout）,Par exemple:2.2 Comme indiqué dans la Section , Le bleu est la valeur de sortie , Et le jaune a été remplacé par NaN.

2.4 Générer un script ou une fonction

Lors de l'exportation, Peut générer des scripts ou des fonctions , Uniquement pour le fichier courant . Actions ultérieures sur ce fichier , Vous pouvez le faire en utilisant le Code .

Montxt Les fonctions du fichier sont les suivantes: ：

function Adata = importfile(filename, dataLines)
%IMPORTFILE1 Importer des données à partir d'un fichier texte
%  ADATA = IMPORTFILE1(FILENAME)Lire le fichier texte FILENAME  Données par défaut sélectionnées dans .   Renvoie les données numériques .
%
%  ADATA = IMPORTFILE1(FILE, DATALINES) Lire les fichiers texte à intervalles de ligne spécifiés  FILENAME
%  Données dans. Pour les intervalles de ligne discontinus ,S'il vous plaît. DATALINES  Spécifié comme scalaire entier positif ou  N×2  Tableau scalaire entier positif .
%
%  Exemple:
%  Adata = importfile1("G:\Information\Now\Part_time_job\Modélisation800\A_data.txt", [1, Inf]);
%
%  Voir aussi READTABLE.
%
% Par MATLAB À 2022-06-30 18:16:29 Génération automatique

%% Traitement des entrées

% Si non spécifié dataLines, Veuillez définir la plage par défaut 
if nargin < 2
    dataLines = [1, Inf];
end

%% Définir les options d'importation et importer les données
opts = delimitedTextImportOptions("NumVariables", 445);

% Spécifiez la plage et le séparateur
opts.DataLines = dataLines;
opts.Delimiter = [" ", "(", ")", ",", ",-", "（", "）", ","];

% Spécifiez le nom et le type de colonne
opts.VariableNames = ["h0", "VarName2", "VarName3", "VarName4", "VarName5", "VarName6", "VarName7", "VarName8", "VarName9", "VarName10", "VarName11", "VarName12", "VarName13", "VarName14", "VarName15", "VarName16", "VarName17", "VarName18", "VarName19", "VarName20", "VarName21", "VarName22", "VarName23", "VarName24", "VarName25", "VarName26", "VarName27", "VarName28", "VarName29", "VarName30", "VarName31", "VarName32", "VarName33", "VarName34", "VarName35", "VarName36", "VarName37", "VarName38", "VarName39", "VarName40", "VarName41", "VarName42", "VarName43", "VarName44", "VarName45", "VarName46", "VarName47", "VarName48", "VarName49", "VarName50", "VarName51", "VarName52", "VarName53", "VarName54", "VarName55", "VarName56", "VarName57", "VarName58", "VarName59", "VarName60", "VarName61", "VarName62", "VarName63", "VarName64", "VarName65", "VarName66", "VarName67", "VarName68", "VarName69", "VarName70", "VarName71", "VarName72", "VarName73", "VarName74", "VarName75", "VarName76", "VarName77", "VarName78", "VarName79", "VarName80", "VarName81", "VarName82", "VarName83", "VarName84", "VarName85", "VarName86", "VarName87", "VarName88", "VarName89", "VarName90", "VarName91", "VarName92", "VarName93", "VarName94", "VarName95", "VarName96", "VarName97", "VarName98", "VarName99", "VarName100", "VarName101", "VarName102", "VarName103", "VarName104", "VarName105", "VarName106", "VarName107", "VarName108", "VarName109", "VarName110", "VarName111", "VarName112", "VarName113", "VarName114", "VarName115", "VarName116", "VarName117", "VarName118", "VarName119", "VarName120", "VarName121", "VarName122", "VarName123", "VarName124", "VarName125", "VarName126", "VarName127", "VarName128", "VarName129", "VarName130", "VarName131", "VarName132", "VarName133", "VarName134", "VarName135", "VarName136", "VarName137", "VarName138", "VarName139", "VarName140", "VarName141", "VarName142", "VarName143", "VarName144", "VarName145", "VarName146", "VarName147", "VarName148", "VarName149", "VarName150", "VarName151", "VarName152", "VarName153", "VarName154", "VarName155", "VarName156", "VarName157", "VarName158", "VarName159", "VarName160", "VarName161", "VarName162", "VarName163", "VarName164", "VarName165", "VarName166", "VarName167", "VarName168", "VarName169", "VarName170", "VarName171", "VarName172", "VarName173", "VarName174", "VarName175", "VarName176", "VarName177", "VarName178", "VarName179", "VarName180", "VarName181", "VarName182", "VarName183", "VarName184", "VarName185", "VarName186", "VarName187", "VarName188", "VarName189", "VarName190", "VarName191", "VarName192", "VarName193", "VarName194", "VarName195", "VarName196", "VarName197", "VarName198", "VarName199", "VarName200", "VarName201", "VarName202", "VarName203", "VarName204", "VarName205", "VarName206", "VarName207", "VarName208", "VarName209", "VarName210", "VarName211", "VarName212", "VarName213", "VarName214", "VarName215", "VarName216", "VarName217", "VarName218", "VarName219", "VarName220", "VarName221", "VarName222", "VarName223", "VarName224", "VarName225", "VarName226", "VarName227", "VarName228", "VarName229", "VarName230", "VarName231", "VarName232", "VarName233", "VarName234", "VarName235", "VarName236", "VarName237", "VarName238", "VarName239", "VarName240", "VarName241", "VarName242", "VarName243", "VarName244", "VarName245", "VarName246", "VarName247", "VarName248", "VarName249", "VarName250", "VarName251", "VarName252", "VarName253", "VarName254", "VarName255", "VarName256", "VarName257", "VarName258", "VarName259", "VarName260", "VarName261", "VarName262", "VarName263", "VarName264", "VarName265", "VarName266", "VarName267", "VarName268", "VarName269", "VarName270", "VarName271", "VarName272", "VarName273", "VarName274", "VarName275", "VarName276", "VarName277", "VarName278", "VarName279", "VarName280", "VarName281", "VarName282", "VarName283", "VarName284", "VarName285", "VarName286", "VarName287", "VarName288", "VarName289", "VarName290", "VarName291", "VarName292", "VarName293", "VarName294", "VarName295", "VarName296", "VarName297", "VarName298", "VarName299", "VarName300", "VarName301", "VarName302", "VarName303", "VarName304", "VarName305", "VarName306", "VarName307", "VarName308", "VarName309", "VarName310", "VarName311", "VarName312", "VarName313", "VarName314", "VarName315", "VarName316", "VarName317", "VarName318", "VarName319", "VarName320", "VarName321", "VarName322", "VarName323", "VarName324", "VarName325", "VarName326", "VarName327", "VarName328", "VarName329", "VarName330", "VarName331", "VarName332", "VarName333", "VarName334", "VarName335", "VarName336", "VarName337", "VarName338", "VarName339", "VarName340", "VarName341", "VarName342", "VarName343", "VarName344", "VarName345", "VarName346", "VarName347", "VarName348", "VarName349", "VarName350", "VarName351", "VarName352", "VarName353", "VarName354", "VarName355", "VarName356", "VarName357", "VarName358", "VarName359", "VarName360", "VarName361", "VarName362", "VarName363", "VarName364", "VarName365", "VarName366", "VarName367", "VarName368", "VarName369", "VarName370", "VarName371", "VarName372", "VarName373", "VarName374", "VarName375", "VarName376", "VarName377", "VarName378", "VarName379", "VarName380", "VarName381", "VarName382", "VarName383", "VarName384", "VarName385", "VarName386", "VarName387", "VarName388", "VarName389", "VarName390", "VarName391", "VarName392", "VarName393", "VarName394", "VarName395", "VarName396", "VarName397", "VarName398", "VarName399", "VarName400", "VarName401", "VarName402", "VarName403", "VarName404", "VarName405", "VarName406", "VarName407", "VarName408", "VarName409", "VarName410", "VarName411", "VarName412", "VarName413", "VarName414", "VarName415", "VarName416", "VarName417", "VarName418", "VarName419", "VarName420", "VarName421", "VarName422", "VarName423", "VarName424", "VarName425", "VarName426", "VarName427", "VarName428", "VarName429", "VarName430", "VarName431", "VarName432", "VarName433", "VarName434", "VarName435", "VarName436", "VarName437", "VarName438", "VarName439", "VarName440", "VarName441", "VarName442", "VarName443", "VarName444", "VarName445"];
opts.VariableTypes = ["double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double", "double"];

% Spécifier les propriétés au niveau du fichier
opts.ExtraColumnsRule = "ignore";
opts.EmptyLineRule = "read";

% Spécifier les propriétés des variables
opts = setvaropts(opts, ["h0", "VarName10", "VarName13", "VarName16", "VarName19", "VarName22", "VarName25", "VarName28", "VarName31", "VarName34", "VarName37", "VarName40", "VarName43", "VarName46", "VarName49", "VarName52", "VarName55", "VarName58", "VarName61", "VarName64", "VarName67", "VarName70", "VarName73", "VarName76", "VarName79", "VarName82", "VarName85", "VarName88", "VarName91", "VarName94", "VarName97", "VarName100", "VarName103", "VarName106", "VarName109", "VarName112", "VarName115", "VarName118", "VarName121", "VarName124", "VarName127", "VarName130", "VarName133", "VarName136", "VarName139", "VarName142", "VarName145", "VarName148", "VarName151", "VarName154", "VarName157", "VarName160", "VarName163", "VarName166", "VarName169", "VarName172", "VarName175", "VarName178", "VarName181", "VarName184", "VarName187", "VarName190", "VarName193", "VarName196", "VarName199", "VarName202", "VarName205", "VarName208", "VarName211", "VarName214", "VarName217", "VarName220", "VarName223", "VarName226", "VarName229", "VarName232", "VarName235", "VarName238", "VarName241", "VarName244", "VarName247", "VarName250", "VarName253", "VarName256", "VarName259", "VarName262", "VarName265", "VarName268", "VarName271", "VarName274", "VarName277", "VarName280", "VarName283", "VarName286", "VarName289", "VarName292", "VarName295", "VarName298", "VarName301", "VarName304", "VarName307", "VarName310", "VarName313", "VarName316", "VarName319", "VarName322", "VarName325", "VarName328", "VarName331", "VarName334", "VarName337", "VarName340", "VarName343", "VarName346", "VarName349", "VarName352", "VarName355", "VarName358", "VarName361", "VarName364", "VarName367", "VarName370", "VarName373", "VarName376", "VarName379", "VarName382", "VarName385", "VarName388", "VarName391", "VarName394", "VarName397", "VarName400", "VarName403", "VarName406", "VarName409", "VarName412", "VarName415", "VarName418", "VarName421", "VarName424", "VarName427", "VarName430", "VarName433", "VarName436", "VarName439", "VarName442", "VarName445"], "TrimNonNumeric", true);
opts = setvaropts(opts, ["h0", "VarName10", "VarName13", "VarName16", "VarName19", "VarName22", "VarName25", "VarName28", "VarName31", "VarName34", "VarName37", "VarName40", "VarName43", "VarName46", "VarName49", "VarName52", "VarName55", "VarName58", "VarName61", "VarName64", "VarName67", "VarName70", "VarName73", "VarName76", "VarName79", "VarName82", "VarName85", "VarName88", "VarName91", "VarName94", "VarName97", "VarName100", "VarName103", "VarName106", "VarName109", "VarName112", "VarName115", "VarName118", "VarName121", "VarName124", "VarName127", "VarName130", "VarName133", "VarName136", "VarName139", "VarName142", "VarName145", "VarName148", "VarName151", "VarName154", "VarName157", "VarName160", "VarName163", "VarName166", "VarName169", "VarName172", "VarName175", "VarName178", "VarName181", "VarName184", "VarName187", "VarName190", "VarName193", "VarName196", "VarName199", "VarName202", "VarName205", "VarName208", "VarName211", "VarName214", "VarName217", "VarName220", "VarName223", "VarName226", "VarName229", "VarName232", "VarName235", "VarName238", "VarName241", "VarName244", "VarName247", "VarName250", "VarName253", "VarName256", "VarName259", "VarName262", "VarName265", "VarName268", "VarName271", "VarName274", "VarName277", "VarName280", "VarName283", "VarName286", "VarName289", "VarName292", "VarName295", "VarName298", "VarName301", "VarName304", "VarName307", "VarName310", "VarName313", "VarName316", "VarName319", "VarName322", "VarName325", "VarName328", "VarName331", "VarName334", "VarName337", "VarName340", "VarName343", "VarName346", "VarName349", "VarName352", "VarName355", "VarName358", "VarName361", "VarName364", "VarName367", "VarName370", "VarName373", "VarName376", "VarName379", "VarName382", "VarName385", "VarName388", "VarName391", "VarName394", "VarName397", "VarName400", "VarName403", "VarName406", "VarName409", "VarName412", "VarName415", "VarName418", "VarName421", "VarName424", "VarName427", "VarName430", "VarName433", "VarName436", "VarName439", "VarName442", "VarName445"], "ThousandsSeparator", ",");

% Importer des données
Adata = readtable(filename, opts);

%%  Conversion en type de sortie 
Adata = table2array(Adata);
end

2.5 Traitement ultérieur des données

Bien que l'approche ci - dessus soit bonne txt Les données ont été lues. , Les données contiennent également des valeurs nulles persistantes, etc. . Peut être extrait plus loin ：
Différentes hauteurs , Latitude et longitude correspondantes 、 Les données sur les attractions touristiques sont extraites à l'aide du code suivant: ：

close all;
clear;
clc;

Adata=importfile('A_data.txt');  % Lire en utilisant les fonctions générées par le système txtDocumentation

[row,coloum]=size(Adata);   % Obtenir la taille de la matrice de sortie 

high=Adata(1:3:57,2);       % Hauteur d'extraction 

longitude=Adata(2:3:56,2:3:coloum);   % Extraire la longitude 
latitude=Adata(2:3:56,3:3:coloum);    % Extraire la latitude 


A_position=Adata(58,2:4);   %A Emplacement au sol 
B_position=Adata(58,7:9);   %B Emplacement au sol 

A_spots=Adata(59:67,2:5);   %A Informations sur les attractions 
B_spots=Adata(59:67,8:11);   %B Informations sur les attractions 

Obtenir ettxt Données formatées cohérentes dans le texte ：

Jusqu'ici., Les données ont été extraites avec succès , Ensuite, il y a la cartographie basée sur les données （ Carte topographique d'un endroit ）.