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[HCIP] BGP Small Experiment (Federation, Optimization)
2022-08-02 00:18:00 【Yun Sheng】
目录
1.实验拓扑图:
2.实验要求:
(1)AS2基于172.16.0.0/16划分子网
(2)全网可达
(3)Optimize routing entries
3.实验思路:
(1)先进行IP地址的规划,由于BGPThe protocol needs to use loopback to establish neighbors,We can use masks32位的IP,The backbone link uses a network segment,Another loopback is used to simulate the user to achieve Internet access,It can be divided by a large network segment,It is convenient for later network aggregation and optimization
R1-R2: 12.1.1.0/24
R7-R8:78.1.1.0/24
R2-R6环回0(for building neighbors):172.16.0.0/32
AS2Internal backbone link:使用172.16.2.0/21
R2-R6环回1(Used for analog communication):172.16.1.0/27
(2)在AS2Internally there are two dummy onesAS ,So use the federation,Observe the experimental topology,R3,R6A route reflector is required(Knowledge about federations and launchers,I will sort it out at the end of the article.
(3)大环境下使用BGP协议,AS2内使用OSPF协议,Realize intranet intercommunication,AS1-AS2,AS2-AS3Need to write static between,实现互通.
(4)测试:
4.配置命令:
路由器基础IP配置(R2,R7)为例
R1-R2,R2-R3Write static between:
使用OSPF,实现AS2内网互通.
Use the entire networkBGP协议(AS1-AS2,AS2-AS3之间使用EBGP协议)AS2Use federation and route reflectors inside
查看BGP邻居表:(以R2,R5,R7,R8为例)
注:
联邦:
AS2内,分为AS64512,AS64513小AS,联邦内所有运行BGP协议的设备均声明自己所在的大AS号
[r2]bgp 64512
[r2-bgp]confederation id 2
路由反射器:
3者构建一个簇;可以理解为RR为中心站点,Clients or non-clients are branch sites
要求所有分支与中心必须是IBGP邻居关系;
[r3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 reflect-client
在R2,R7,Perform a retransmission step,进行路由策略,减少路由条目:
Knowledge about retransmission steps,You can check out my other blog posts to learn,链接放到下方,便于大家学习.
查看BGP表;
Before proceeding with the strategy:
策略后;
In the strategy section I use:(分发列表)
[r7-bgp]aggregate 172.16.0.0 16 detail-suppressed 仅发送聚合条目,Do not forward detailed items;
测试:
R1环回ping R8环回:
R1环回ping R7环回:
R3环回pingR8环回:
达到实验目的!!
补充:
路由反射器
3种角色,RR(反射器) 客户端 非客户端
3者构建一个簇;可以理解为RR为中心站点,Clients or non-clients are branch sites
要求所有分支与中心必须是IBGP邻居关系;
在一个簇中至少存在一台客户端;
规则:
RR从一台EBGP邻居处学习到的路由可以传输给本地的客户端、非客户端、其他EBGP邻居
RR从一台客户端邻居处学习到的路由,可以传输给本地的其他客户端、非客户端、其他EBGP邻居
RR从一台非客户端邻居处学习到的路由条目,可以传输给本地的客户端,其他EBGP邻居;不得传输给本地的其他非客户端;
注意:若路由条目不优,不具有传递性;反射器也无法反射路由;
[r3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 reflect-client
该指令的作用,是让2.2.2.2成为本地的客户端,同时本地成为路由反射器;
联邦
将一个真实的大AS,The logic is divided into multiple smallAS;小ASIt is recommended to use a private number;
小AS间构建联邦内的EBGP邻居关系,可以向真实EBGP关系一样传递路由条目,但不修改属性; 对于该大AS外的其他AS,是不知道内部的小AS情况;
所有配置全部基于小as号进行
[r3]bgp 64512
[r3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-bgp]pe 2.2.2.2 as-number 64512
[r3-bgp]pe 2.2.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r3-bgp]pe 4.4.4.4 as-number 64513
[r3-bgp]pe 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 ebgp-max-hop 2
2)联邦内所有运行BGP协议的设备均声明自己所在的大AS号
[r2]bgp 64512
[r2-bgp]confederation id 2
3)小AS间互指peer;在联邦内的ebgp邻居关系间的两台设备,互相定义对端的小AS号;
[r4-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
切记:华为设备,必须先定义联邦的id,和互相小AS号后再配置邻居关系建立的命令;
in actual engineering cases,Federation and reflector are used simultaneously,降低配置量;
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