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访问数据库使用redis作为mysql的缓存（redis和mysql结合）

2022-07-05 17:43:00 【全栈程序员站长】

大家好，又见面了，我是你们的朋友全栈君。

首先声明一下，我是在一个SSM项目的基础上进行优化的，所以就不进行基础的介绍了。

下面我也补充一些知识点：

redis：

内存型数据库，有持久化功能，具备分布式特性，可靠性高，适用于对读写效率要求都很高，数据处理业务复杂和对安全性要求较高的系统（如新浪微博的计数和微博发布部分系统，对数据安全性、读写要求都很高）。

缓存机制说明：

所有的查询结果都放进了缓存，也就是把MySQL查询的结果放到了redis中去，然后第二次发起该条查询时就可以从redis中去读取查询的结果，从而不与MySQL交互，从而达到优化的效果，redis的查询速度之于MySQL的查询速度相当于内存读写速度 /硬盘读写速度。

reids的安装很简单，我会在文末附上文件地址，只需要解压缩，然后点击打开redis-server.exe即可

下面正式开始：

1.pom.xml文件添加如下：

<!--redis-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
    <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

2.redis.properties

# Redis settings
redis.host=127.0.0.1
redis.port=6379  
#redis.pass=password
redis.dbIndex=0  
redis.expiration=3000  
redis.maxIdle=300  
redis.maxActive=600  
redis.maxWait=1000  
redis.testOnBorrow=true

3.database.properties

driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username=###
password=###
#\u5b9a\u4e49\u521d\u59cb\u8fde\u63a5\u6570
initialSize=10
#\u5b9a\u4e49\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570
maxActive=20
#\u5b9a\u4e49\u6700\u5927\u7a7a\u95f2
maxIdle=20
#\u5b9a\u4e49\u6700\u5c0f\u7a7a\u95f2
minIdle=1
#\u5b9a\u4e49\u6700\u957f\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4
maxWait=60000
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=300000

4..spring-mybatis.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd  
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc  
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!--导入MyBatis和redis的信息配置-->
   <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
      <property name="locations">
         <list>
            <value>classpath:database.properties</value>
            <value>classpath:redis.properties</value>
         </list>
      </property>
   </bean>
   <!-- 自动扫描 -->
   <context:component-scan base-package="com.hanpeng" use-default-filters="false">
      <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Repository"/> 
      <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service"/> 
    </context:component-scan>


   <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
      destroy-method="close">
      <property name="driverClassName" value="${driver}" />
      <property name="url" value="${url}" />
      <property name="username" value="${username}" />
      <property name="password" value="${password}" />
      <!-- 初始化连接大小 -->
      <property name="initialSize" value="${initialSize}"></property>
      <!-- 连接池最大数量 -->
      <property name="maxActive" value="${maxActive}"></property>
      <!-- 连接池最大空闲 -->
      <property name="maxIdle" value="${maxIdle}"></property>
      <!-- 连接池最小空闲 -->
      <property name="minIdle" value="${minIdle}"></property>
      <!-- 获取连接最大等待时间 -->
      <property name="maxWait" value="${maxWait}"></property>
      <!-- 空闲连接回收 -->
       <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="${timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis}"/>
       <!-- 每次取出连接是否进行测试,如果为true,影响性能 -->
       <property name="testOnBorrow" value="false"/>
       <!-- 测试连接执行的sql -->
      <property name="validationQuery" value="SELECT 1" />
      <!-- 空闲时是否进行验证，检查对象是否有效，默认为false -->
       <property name="testWhileIdle" value="true"/>
   </bean>

    <!-- spring和MyBatis完美整合，不需要mybatis的配置映射文件 -->  
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">  
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />  
        <!-- 自动扫描mapping.xml文件 -->  
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath*:mapping/**/*.xml"></property>
      <property name="configLocation" value="mybatis-config.xml"></property>
      <!--pageHelper-->
      <property name="plugins">
         <array>
            <bean class="com.github.pagehelper.PageInterceptor">
               <property name="properties">
                  <!--使用下面的方式配置参数，一行配置一个 -->
                  <value>
                     helperDialect=postgresql
                     reasonable=true
                     supportMethodsArguments=true
                     params=count=countSql
                     autoRuntimeDialect=true
                  </value>
               </property>
            </bean>
         </array>
      </property>

   </bean>


  
    <!-- DAO接口所在包名，Spring会自动查找其下的类 -->  
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">  
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.hanpeng" />  
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property>
   </bean>
   
   <!-- basedao使用 -->
   <bean id="sqlSession" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate"
      scope="prototype">
      <constructor-arg index="0" ref="sqlSessionFactory" />
   </bean>

   <!-- (事务管理)transaction manager, use JtaTransactionManager for global tx -->
   <bean id="transactionManager"
      class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
      <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
   </bean>

   <!-- set leval -->
   <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
      <tx:attributes>
         <!-- all methods starting with 'get' are read-only -->
         <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true" />
         <tx:method name="list*" read-only="true" />
         <tx:method name="query*" read-only="true" />
         <tx:method name="search*" read-only="true" />
         <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true" />
         <tx:method name="check*" read-only="true" />
         <tx:method name="newLog*" propagation="NOT_SUPPORTED" />
         <!-- other methods use the default transaction settings -->
         <tx:method name="*" rollback-for="Exception" />    <!-- all exception rollback -->
      </tx:attributes>
   </tx:advice>

   <!-- transaction config related... end -->

   <!-- redis config start -->
   <!-- 配置JedisPoolConfig实例 -->
   <bean id="poolConfig" class="redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig">
      <property name="maxIdle" value="${redis.maxIdle}" />
      <property name="maxTotal" value="${redis.maxActive}" />
      <property name="maxWaitMillis" value="${redis.maxWait}" />
      <property name="testOnBorrow" value="${redis.testOnBorrow}" />
   </bean>

   <!-- 配置JedisConnectionFactory -->
   <bean id="jedisConnectionFactory"
        class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory">
      <property name="hostName" value="${redis.host}" />
      <property name="port" value="${redis.port}" />
      <!-- <property name="password" value="${redis.pass}" /> -->
      <property name="database" value="${redis.dbIndex}" />
      <property name="poolConfig" ref="poolConfig" />
   </bean>

   <!-- 配置RedisTemplate -->
   <bean id="redisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate">
      <property name="connectionFactory" ref="jedisConnectionFactory" />
   </bean>

   <!-- 配置RedisCacheManager -->
   <bean id="redisCacheManager" class="org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager">
      <constructor-arg ref="redisTemplate" />
      <property name="defaultExpiration" value="${redis.expiration}" />
   </bean>

   <!-- 配置RedisCacheConfig -->
   <bean id="redisCacheConfig" class="com.jd.service.RedisCacheConfig">
      <constructor-arg ref="jedisConnectionFactory" />
      <constructor-arg ref="redisTemplate" />
      <constructor-arg ref="redisCacheManager" />
   </bean>
   <!-- redis config end --> 
</beans>

5.缓存主要在service层进行，查询的结果会缓存，把对象序列号存到redis中去，key就是注解中的参数，例如@Cacheable(“findUsers”): 存在redis中的key就是findUsers。缓存了这个结果之后再次请求这个方法就不会去数据库中查，而是从redis缓存中读取数据，这样就减少了跟数据库之间的交互。然后修改、删除、增加操作就会清除缓存，保持数据的一致性。

RedisCacheConfig: 需要增加这个配置类，会在applicationContex配置文件中注册这个bean。

package com.jd.service;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachingConfigurerSupport;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.cache.interceptor.KeyGenerator;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;

/**
 * @program: cloudConnectWMS
 * @description: redis配置类(通过spring管理redis缓存配置)
 * @author: by hanpeng
 * @create: 2018-12-14 11:27
 **/
@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class RedisCacheConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport {
    private volatile JedisConnectionFactory jedisConnectionFactory;
    private volatile RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;
    private volatile RedisCacheManager redisCacheManager;

    public RedisCacheConfig() {
        super();
    }

    /**
     * 带参数的构造方法 初始化所有的成员变量
     *
     * @param jedisConnectionFactory
     * @param redisTemplate
     * @param redisCacheManager
     */
    public RedisCacheConfig(JedisConnectionFactory jedisConnectionFactory, RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate,
                            RedisCacheManager redisCacheManager) {
        this.jedisConnectionFactory = jedisConnectionFactory;
        this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate;
        this.redisCacheManager = redisCacheManager;
    }

    public JedisConnectionFactory getJedisConnecionFactory() {
        return jedisConnectionFactory;
    }

    public RedisTemplate<String, String> getRedisTemplate() {
        return redisTemplate;
    }

    public RedisCacheManager getRedisCacheManager() {
        return redisCacheManager;
    }

    @Bean
    public KeyGenerator customKeyGenerator() {
        return new KeyGenerator() {
            @Override
            public Object generate(Object target, Method method, Object... objects) {
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                sb.append(target.getClass().getName());
                sb.append(method.getName());
                for (Object obj : objects) {
                    sb.append(obj.toString());
                }
                return sb.toString();
            }
        };
    }
}

6.UserServiceImpl

import java.util.List; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/** * userService * * @Cacheable(“a”)注解的意义就是把该方法的查询结果放到redis中去，下一次再发起查询就去redis中去取，存在redis中的数据的key就是a； * @CacheEvict(value={“a”,”b”},allEntries=true) 的意思就是执行该方法后要清除redis中key名称为a,b的数据； */ @Service(“userService”) @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, rollbackFor=Exception.class) public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {

@Resource private UserMapper iUserDao;

@Cacheable(“getUserById”) //标注该方法查询的结果进入缓存，再次访问时直接读取缓存中的数据 @Override public User getUserById(int userId) { return this.iUserDao.selectByPrimaryKey(userId); }

@Cacheable(“getAllUser”) @Override public List<User> getAllUser() { return this.iUserDao.selectAllUser(); }

@CacheEvict(value= {“getAllUser”,”getUserById”,”findUsers”},allEntries=true)//清空缓存，allEntries变量表示所有对象的缓存都清除 @Override public void insertUser(User user) { this.iUserDao.insertUser(user); }

@CacheEvict(value= {“getAllUser”,”getUserById”,”findUsers”},allEntries=true) @Override public void deleteUser(int id) { this.iUserDao.deleteUser(id); }

@Cacheable(“findUsers”) @Override public List<User> findUsers(String keyWords) { return iUserDao.findUsers(keyWords); }

@CacheEvict(value= {“getAllUser”,”getUserById”,”findUsers”},allEntries=true) @Override public void editUser(User user) { this.iUserDao.editUser(user); } }