Selenium element positioning

summary

The most basic unit of a page is the element , Want to locate an element , We need specific information to illustrate the unique characteristics of this element . stay selenium in , Yes 8 A way to locate specific elements . As shown in the following table ：

positioner Locator	describe
class	location class The element whose attribute matches the search value （ Compound class names are not allowed ）
css selector	location CSS The elements that the selector matches
id	location id The element whose attribute matches the search value
name	location name The element whose attribute matches the search value
link text	location link text The anchor element whose visual text exactly matches the search value
partial link text	location link text Anchor element that matches the visual text part with the search value part . If you match multiple elements , Then select only the first element .
tag name	Locate the element whose tag name matches the search value
xpath	Location and XPath Elements that match the expression

Method

Suppose our web page consists of the following parts , Make the content of the web page as simple as possible , To introduce the different methods in detail .

<ol id="vegetables">
 <li class="onions"><span>Onion is a Vegetable</span></li>
 <li class="tomatoes"><span>Tomato is a Vegetable</span></li>
</ol>
<ul id="fruits">
  <li class="apples"><span>Apple is a Fruit</span></li>
  <li class="tomatoes"><span>Tomato is a Fruit</span></li>
</ul>

according to class Attribute positioning

#  Locate in web page class by tomatoes The elements of , There are two qualified web pages , But this method only returns the first 
driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "tomatoes")

#  If you need to return all elements , You need to use find_elements Method 
driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, "tomatoes")

according to id Attribute positioning

#  stay HTML Kind of , because id The same two elements do not exist , So there is no need for find_elements Method 
driver.find_element(By.ID, "fruits")

according to css Selector positioning

#  In this positioning mode , More powerful , More flexible positioning , But you need to master css grammar 
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#fruits .tomatoes')

according to tag name location

#  According to the name of the label , This is based on <li></li> Label to locate 
driver.find_elements(By.TAG_NAME, "li")

according to name Attribute positioning

name Attributes are generally used in forms , Server pass name Property to get the value of a specific element .

#  lookup name The attribute is inp Form for 
driver.find_elements(By.NAME, "inp")

according to link text location

This positioning method requires that the content of the element exactly matches the input content .

#  The positioning text is Tomato is a Vegetable All elements of 
driver.find_elements(By.LINK_TEXT, "Tomato is a Vegetable")

according to partial link text location

This positioning method only needs the content of the element to match the input content to locate the corresponding element .

#  The positioning text contains Tomato All elements of 
driver.find_elements(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "Tomato")

according to xpath location

#  according to xpath Expression to locate the element 
driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, "/ol/li")