The five most difficult programming languages in the world

When we talk about c,c++ ,Java,Python When , Some languages are not only difficult , And it's almost incomprehensible to most software developers .

These languages are called Esoteric programming languages , English is called esoteric programming language, abbreviation esolang.

Here are the five most difficult languages to understand , I try to program in these languages Hello World, It looks very interesting .

Malbolge

Malbolge yes Ben Olmstead stay 1998 Invented in , such esolang Considered the most complex programming language .

It is said that ,Malbolge The author of a programming language has never written any code in this language , and Malbolge Of hello world The code appears in Olmstead Two years after the invention of the language .

This is a Malbolge Print “ Hello World! ” Code snippet of .

(=<`#9]~6ZY32Vx/4Rs+0No-&Jk)"Fh}|Bcy?`=*z]Kw%oG4UUS0/@-ejc(:'8dc

Copy

The output is as follows ：

INTERCAL

INTERCAL yes “Compiler Language With No Pronounceable Acronym” Abbreviation ,Jim Lyon and Don Woods stay 1972 Invented in INTERCAL, Satirized many aspects of various programming languages at that time , And in 20 century 60 The language structure and annotation of the year .

INTERCAL There are lots of dumb looking designs .

for example : It uses things like “ PLEASE” And so on , If you don't use it very often in your code “ PLEASE” , Compiling code will report an error . It thinks the project is not polite , If the modifier “ PLEASE” Too much , The compiler will also report errors , He thinks you “ Excessive politeness ”... ...

Here is INTERCAL Print in “ Hello,World! ” Code snippet of .

DO ,1 <- #13
PLEASE DO ,1 SUB #1 <- #238
DO ,1 SUB #2 <- #108
DO ,1 SUB #3 <- #112
DO ,1 SUB #4 <- #0
DO ,1 SUB #5 <- #64
DO ,1 SUB #6 <- #194
DO ,1 SUB #7 <- #48
PLEASE DO ,1 SUB #8 <- #22
DO ,1 SUB #9 <- #248
DO ,1 SUB #10 <- #168
DO ,1 SUB #11 <- #24
DO ,1 SUB #12 <- #16
DO ,1 SUB #13 <- #162
PLEASE READ OUT ,1
PLEASE GIVE UP

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The output is as follows ：

Brainfuck

Brainfuck By Urban Muller On 1993 Year development , This language was invented by programmers . Chinese translation ： Damn it ... ..., Google gave me a new idea , be called brainstem ... ...

The whole language contains only 8 Different characters , Used to implement any code , from Muller The original compiler was developed using only 296 Bytes .

This language , It's a way of following “Turing complete（ Turing Complete ）” The language of thought design , Its main design idea is ： Use the minimum concept to realize a kind of “ Simple ” Language .

This is a Brainfuck Print “ Hello World! ” Code snippet of .

++++++++++[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++<<<-]>++.>+.+++++++
 ..+++.>++.<<+++++++++++++++.>.+++.------.--------.>+.

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The output is as follows ：

And for this language , There is also an interesting video on Zhihu , You can search to see .

COW

Cow By Sean Heber stay 2003 Invented in , Once you see hello world Code , You'll see why this language is named COW.

Cow At the level of difficulty Brainfuck be similar , And Brainfuck comparison , There's more of it 4 Bar command , in other words , There is... In the whole language 12 Bar command .

The following is to use COW Print “ Hello,World! ” Code snippet of .

MoO MoO MoO MoO MoO MoO MoO MoO MOO moO MoO MoO MoO MoO MoO moO MoO MoO MoO MoO moO MoO MoO MoO MoO moO MoO MoO MoO MoO MoO MoO MoO
 MoO MoO moO MoO MoO MoO MoO mOo mOo mOo mOo mOo MOo moo moO moO moO moO Moo moO MOO mOo MoO moO MOo moo mOo MOo MOo MOo Moo MoO MoO 
 MoO MoO MoO MoO MoO Moo Moo MoO MoO MoO Moo MMM mOo mOo mOo MoO MoO MoO MoO Moo moO Moo MOO moO moO MOo mOo mOo MOo moo moO moO MoO 
 MoO MoO MoO MoO MoO MoO MoO Moo MMM MMM Moo MoO MoO MoO Moo MMM MOo MOo MOo Moo MOo MOo MOo MOo MOo MOo MOo MOo Moo mOo MoO Moo

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The output is as follows ：

Whitespace

Whitespace By Chris Morris and Edwin Brady Developed at Durham University , And it is in 2003 April Fool's Day .

Most modern programming languages don't treat white space characters as part of grammar , but Whitespace But only blank space 、 Tabs and line breaks are part of the grammar ,Whitespace The interpreter for ignores all non whitespace characters , And think of it as a code comment .

Here's a blank print “ Hello World! ” Code snippet of . In the following code , Every space 、 A tab or newline character is preceded by a comment “ s”、“ t” or “ l”.

S S S T S S T S S S L
T L
S S S S S T T S S T S T L
T L
S S S S S T T S T T S S L
T L
S S S S S T T S T T S S L
T L
S S S S S T T S T T T T L
T L
S S S S S T S T T S S L
T L
S S S S S T S S S S S L
T L
S S S S S T T T S T T T L
T L
S S S S S T T S T T T T L
T L
S S S S S T T T S S T S L
T L
S S S S S T T S T T S S L
T L
S S S S S T T S S T S S L
T L
S S S S S T S S S S T L
T L
S S L
L
L

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The output is as follows ：

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Last , This site has more esolang, You can try and play by yourself , It's all very interesting , In addition, there is a topic called esolang, There are also many posts in it , If you are interested, you can go and have a look .

The content of this article comes from https://levelup.gitconnected.com/5-most-difficult-programming-languages-in-the-world-549c3cf91b23 translate .

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