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Happens-before rules for threads
2022-08-05 09:05:00 【Seven kingdoms of the world, I want ninety-nine】
线程之Happens-before规则
happens-before 规定了对共享变量的写操作对其它线程的读操作可见,它是可见性与有序性的一套规则总结,抛开以下 happens-before 规则,JMM 并不能保证一个线程对共享变量的写,对于其它线程对该共享变量的读可见.
案例1
线程解锁 m 之前对变量的写,对于接下来对 m 加锁的其它线程对该变量的读可见
static int x;
static Object m = new Object();
new Thread(()->{
synchronized(m) {
x = 10;
}
},"t1").start();
new Thread(()->{
synchronized(m) {
System.out.println(x);
}
},"t2").start();
/* 运行结果: 10 */
案例2
线程对 volatile 变量的写,对接下来其它线程对该变量的读可见
volatile static int x;
new Thread(()->{
x = 10;
},"t1").start();
new Thread(()->{
System.out.println(x);
},"t2").start();
/* 运行结果: 10 */
案例3
线程 start 前对变量的写,对该线程开始后对该变量的读可见
static int x;
x = 10;
new Thread(()->{
System.out.println(x);
},"t2").start();
/* 运行结果: 10 */
案例4
线程结束前对变量的写,对其它线程得知它结束后的读可见(比如其它线程调用 t1.isAlive() 或 t1.join()等待 它结束)
static int x;
Thread t1 = new Thread(()->{
x = 10;
},"t1");
t1.start();
t1.join();
System.out.println(x);
/* 运行结果: 10 */
案例5
线程 t1 打断 t2(interrupt)前对变量的写,对于其他线程得知 t2 被打断后对变量的读可见(通过 t2.interrupted 或 t2.isInterrupted)
static int x;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t2 = new Thread(()->{
while(true) {
if(Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
System.out.println(x);
break;
}
}
},"t2");
t2.start();
new Thread(()->{
sleep(1);
x = 10;
t2.interrupt();
},"t1").start();
while(!t2.isInterrupted()) {
Thread.yield();
}
System.out.println(x);
}
/* 运行结果: 10 */
案例6
对变量默认值(0,false,null)的写,对其它线程对该变量的读可见
static int a;
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(()->{
System.out.println(a);
}).start();
}
/* 运行结果: 0 */
案例7
具有传递性,如果 x hb-> y 并且 y hb-> z 那么有 x hb-> z ,配合 volatile 的防指令重排,有下面的例子
volatile static int x;
static int y;
new Thread(()->{
y = 10;
x = 20;
},"t1").start();
new Thread(()->{
// x=20 对 t2 可见, 同时 y=10 也对 t2 可见
System.out.println(x);
},"t2").start();
/* 运行结果: 20 */
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