ansible各个模块详解

1.command,shell,raw,script模块的作用和区别

1.1command shell raw区别

command、shell模块:

相同点：要求受管主机上安装Python。

不同点：command可以在受管主机上执行shell命令，但是不支持环境变量和操作符（例如 '|', '<', '>', '&'）

 shell模块调用的/bin/sh指令执行。

raw模块:

不需要受管主机上安装Python，直接使用远程shell运行命令，通常用于无法安装Python的系统（例如网络设备等）。

• command
• shell
• raw

应尽量避免使用这三个模块来执行命令，因为其他模块大部分都是幂等性的，可以自动进行更改跟踪。command、shell、raw不具备幂等性。注： 幂等性：简单来讲，就是输入相同，输出相同，无论多少次比如说，确认接口，如果传入订单号，返回确认OK，如果已经确认过了，再次调用确认接口，返回如果还是确认OK，那么这个接口就是满足幂等性.

2、command 模块的使用: 去执行一个脚本文件command.sh, command.sh文件的功能是echo "I am command module" 

[[email protected] ~]#vim command.sh

[[email protected] ~]# more ./.ansible/inventory
node1

[node]
node1

[node1:children]
node
test

[test]
node2

[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m copy -a "src=/root/command.sh dest=/home/student"
[WARNING]: Found both group and host with same name: node1
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "ce65dc39709980daa42a03e5d2ac1c97210446db",
    "dest": "/home/student/command.sh",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "5f4164eeeea65e4697bdb62d078065bb",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0",
    "size": 27,
    "src": "/home/student/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1659481931.964826-27384-280168700260751/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m command -a "ls -l /home/student/"
[WARNING]: Found both group and host with same name: node1
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 27 Aug  2 12:33 command.sh
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m command -a "sh command.sh chdir=/home/student"
[WARNING]: Found both group and host with same name: node1
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
I am command module

3、shell模块执行命令 ls /root | grep txt

4、 raw模块执行pwd命令

5、script模块执行 script.sh文件，文件的内容为 echo "I am script module" 

[[email protected] ~]# vim script.sh
[[email protected] ~]# pwd
/root
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m copy -a "src=/root/script.sh dest=/home/student"
[WARNING]: Found both group and host with same name: node1
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "7fe9ae1b68ec686919b7799f9eef6c7eff006c8c",
    "dest": "/home/student/script.sh",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "ffb843f4c7a3cc3a444c21a7bdc2b2ac",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0",
    "size": 26,
    "src": "/home/student/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1659482546.7581532-27525-45068860098080/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m command -a "ls -l /home/student"
[WARNING]: Found both group and host with same name: node1
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 27 Aug  2 12:33 command.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 26 Aug  2 12:43 script.sh
[[email protected] ~]# ansible node -m script -a "script.sh chdir=/home/student"
[WARNING]: Found both group and host with same name: node1
node1 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true,
    "rc": 0,
    "stderr": "Shared connection to node1 closed.\r\n",
    "stderr_lines": [
        "Shared connection to node1 closed."
    ],
    "stdout": "I am script module\r\n",
    "stdout_lines": [
        "I am script module"
    ]
 

6.file模块：
   创建文件，并指定用户，用户组为student， 且权限为600
   创建目录，并指定用户，用户组为student,   且权限为755
   创建链接文件
   删除第一个创建的文件

 

 

7.copy
   复制文件
   复制目录

 

 

 

 8.synchronize
   pull: 从被控制主机上拉取目录
   push：往被控制主机上推送目录