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IP协议与IP地址
2022-07-02 06:28:00 【藤原千花的败北】
1.IP协议
网络层位于数据链路层和传输层之间。网络层包含了许多协议,其中最为重要的是IP协议。网络层提供了IP路由功能,理解IP路由除了要熟悉IP协议的工作机制外,还必须理解IP编址以及如何合理使用IP地址来设计网络。
IP包头结构

- version
- Header Length
- Differentiated Services Filed
- Differentiated Services Codepoint
- Explicit Congestion Notification
- Identification
- Flags
- Fragment Offset
- Time to Live
- Protocol
- Header Checksum
- Source IP Address
- Destination IP Address
- IP Options

2.IP字段
分片
分片:当数据包比链路MTU大时,就可以被分解为很多的足够小片段。
TTL:Time to Live,生存时间
- 防止IP数据包在网络内无休止地传输
- 每经过一次路由TTL值就会减1
- 当TTL=0地时候,丢弃数据包



协议号
- 用于标识上层协议

3.IP地址
- 在IP网络中,通信节点需要一个IP地址
- 以点分十进制表示,由32位组成
- 分为网络位和主机位两部分:
- 网络位,代表IP地址所属的网段
- 主机位,代表网段上的某个节点
- 由子网掩码决定分界点

IP地址分类
根据第一组八位二进制
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