Bat instruction processing details

One ： bat Document understanding

windows Next BAT The working principle of batch processing is to process multiple items at a time DOS command , Its effect is similar to that in DOS Next, execute each command in sequence ;BAT A file is actually a text file , It can be opened with any text editor .

windows With the help of bat file , be relative to –Linux With the help of shell Script can complete many operation steps, but the operation order is the same , And the whole process needs to be repeated many times

Two ： dos Order to organize

1> dos command help

cmd Interface direct input ---》help   Following commands 

Common commands	meaning
CD	Display or change the name of the current directory .
CHDIR	Display or change the name of the current directory .
BREAK	Set or clear extended CTRL+C Check .
DATE	Show or set the date
DIR	Show files and subdirectories in a directory
ECHO	display messages , Or turn the command echo on or off
EXIT	sign out CMD.EXE Program ( Command interpreter )
FIND	Search for a text string in one or more files .
FINDSTR	Search multiple files for Strings .
HELP	Provide Windows Command help information .
PATH	Display or set search path for executable file .
PAUSE	Pause batch file processing and display message .
ENDLOCAL	End localization of environment changes in batch file .
TIME	Display or set system time .
CLS	Clear the screen
SYSTEMINFO	Displays the specific properties and configuration of the computer .
COLOR	Set default console foreground and background colors .

File or directory commands	meaning
COPY	Copy at least one file to another location .
MD	Create a directory .
RD	Delete directory .
MKDIR	Create a directory .
MKLINK	Create symbolic links and hard links
MODE	Configure system devices .
MORE	Screen by screen display output .
MOVE	Move one or more files from one directory to another .
COMP	Compare the contents of two or two sets of documents
OPENFILES	Displays files opened by remote users for file sharing .
DEL	Delete at least one file .
ERASE	Delete one or more files .
FC	Compare two files or two file sets and display The difference between them .
RECOVER	Recover readable information from a damaged or defective disk .
REN	Rename file .
RENAME	Rename file .
REPLACE	Replace file .
RMDIR	Delete directory .
ROBOCOPY	Advanced utility for copying files and directory trees

dos Command statement	meaning
CALL	Call this one from another batch program .
IF	Performing conditional processing operations in a batch program .
SET	Show 、 Set or delete Windows environment variable .
SORT	Sort input .
FOR	Run a specified command for each file in a set of files .
GOTO	take Windows The command interpreter directs to a labeled line in the batch program .
SETLOCAL	Start localizing environment changes in batch files .
START	Start a separate window to run the specified program or command .
TASKLIST	Show all currently running tasks including services .
TASKKILL	Abort or stop a running process or application .
TYPE	Display the contents of the text file .
PRINT	Print a text file .

Other commands	meaning
TITLE	Set up CMD.EXE The window title of the session .
TREE	Graphically displays the directory structure of the driver or path .
VER	Show Windows Version of .
CHCP	Display or set the number of active code pages .
CHKDSK	Check the disk and display the status report .
ASSOC	Show or modify file extension associations .
CHKNTFS	Displays or modifies the startup time disk check .
ATTRIB	Show or change file properties .
CMD	Open another Windows Command interpreter window .
BCDEDIT	Set the properties in the startup database to control the boot load .
CACLS	Display or modify the access control list of a file (ACL).
COMPACT	Show or change NTFS Compression of files on partitions .
CONVERT	take FAT The volume is converted to NTFS. You cannot convert the current drive .
DISKPART	Display or configure partition properties .
DOSKEY	Edit the command line 、 withdraw Windows Command and create a macro .
DRIVERQUERY	Displays the current device driver status and properties .
FSUTIL	Display or configure file system properties .
FTYPE	Displays or modifies the file type used in the file extension Association .
FORMAT	Format disk , In order to be used for Windows.
GPRESULT	Displays group policy information for a computer or user .
GRAFTABL	send Windows Displays the extended character set in graphics mode .
LABEL	establish 、 Change or delete the label of the disk .
ICACLS	Show 、 modify 、 Back up or restore files and directories ACL.
POPD	Reduction by PUSHD The last value of the saved current directory .
SCHTASKS	Arrange to run commands and programs on a computer .
SHIFT	Adjust the position of replaceable parameters in the batch file .
SHUTDOWN	Allow proper shutdown of the computer locally or remotely .
PROMPT	change Windows Command prompt .
PUSHD	Save the current directory , Then change it .
SC	Display or configure services ( Background processes ).
SUBST	Associate a path with a drive letter .
VERIFY	tell Windows Whether to verify , To ensure that the file is correctly written to disk .
VOL	Display the disk volume label and serial number .
XCOPY	Copy files and directory trees .
WMIC	In interactive commands shell It shows that WMI Information .
REM	Record batch files or CONFIG.SYS The comments in ( Comments ).

2> dos The command uses the query

dos_command -help（-h）

1. Parameter transmission command –COLOR -H

 Set the default console foreground and background colors .

COLOR [attr]

  attr         Specifies the color attribute of the console output .

 The color attribute is specified by two hexadecimal digits  --  first 
 Corresponding to the background , The second corresponds to the foreground . Every number 
 Can be any of the following values :

    0 =  black        8 =  gray 
    1 =  Blue        9 =  Light blue 
    2 =  green        A =  Light green 
    3 =  Light green      B =  Light green 
    4 =  Red        C =  Light red 
    5 =  violet        D =  lavender 
    6 =  yellow        E =  canary yellow 
    7 =  white        F =  Bright white 

 If no parameters are given , This command restores the color to  CMD.EXE  Startup time 
 The color of the . This value comes from the current console 
 window 、/T  Command line switch or  DefaultColor  The registry 
 value .

 If you try to use the same 
 Foreground and background colors to perform 
 COLOR  command ,COLOR  Command will  ERRORLEVEL  Set to  1.

 Example : "COLOR fc"  Produce a light red on bright white 

DEMO

COLOR 72#   background 7 =  white ,  typeface  2 =  green 

2. Query instructions SYSTEMINFO

C:\Users\CHH_PC>SYSTEMINFO
 Host name :           DESKTOP-T164P4E
OS  name :          Microsoft Windows 10  pro 
OS  edition :          10.0.19044  For the moment  Build 19044
OS  Manufacturer :        Microsoft Corporation
OS  To configure :           Stand alone workstations 
OS  Construction type :      Multiprocessor Free
 Registered owners :     CHH_PC
 Registered organizations :        For the moment 
 product  ID:          00331-20020-00000-AA583
 Initial installation date :     2022/4/15, 20:25:43
 System start time :     2022/6/25, 0:02:32
 System manufacturers :       Dell Inc.
 System model :         Inspiron 7472
 System type :         x64-based PC
 processor :            Installed  1  A processor .
                  [01]: Intel64 Family 6 Model 142 Stepping 10 GenuineIntel ~1600 Mhz

3. DOS The encoding format of the window

936  It is the coding format set by Microsoft for China , Of course , We can also modify the coding format 
chcp  Code format code  
# This is only a temporary modification to the encoding format of the current file , When this DOS After the window closes, it will revert to the original encoding format 

Code	Coding format
950	Traditional Chinese
65001	UTF-8
936	Simplified Chinese default GBK
437	MS-DOS American English
1253	Greek
1258	Vietnamese
1256	The Arabic language

3、 ... and ： bat Grammar introduction

1> Auxiliary order

1. notes

** : ： Start with a single colon ; Be regarded as a label , And directly ignore all the following contents ;
Valid label ： A colon followed by an alphanumeric string ,goto Statement can recognize ;
Invalid label ： Colon followed by a string that does not begin with an alphanumeric ,goto Statement unrecognized ; Can play a comment about ; As a habit ** :: ** It is often used as an annotation symbol , In fact, the latter one ** : ** It can be replaced with any character, and it can also play a comment effect , Such as ：:+** 、 :* …
REM：‘ Comment order ’, Generally used to give programs ’ Add annotations ’, What follows this command ’ Not to be carried out , but ’ Can echo ;
% The comment % ： For inline comments , Rarely used , Use with caution ;

notes	difference
::	Cannot echo , Is considered invalid
REM or rem	Not to be carried out , Can echo , Can be used for config.sys file

2. echo The echo

Close back display ： Refer to ’ Run batch file ’ when ,‘ No display ’ In the file ’ Every command ’, Display only ’ Running results ’;
@echo off # from ’ Start of the bank ’ Close back display ---- General batch processing ’ first line ’ It's all this

C:\Users\CHH_PC>echo /?
 display messages , Or turn command echo on or off .

  ECHO [ON | OFF]
  ECHO [message]

 To display the current echo settings , Please type... Without parameters  ECHO.
==========================================
echo off  : Display the execution path , Execute command is not displayed , Direct display of content 
echo on: Display the execution path , Display the execution command and display the content ,
@echo off :  Do not display the execution path , Execute command is not displayed , Direct display of content 

usage ：
A：echo coordination @ \off\on Turn off and turn on echo
B：echo Followed by a space and a character , Echo string information function ;
C: echo Following the .|, The pipe symbol can be followed by the command to echo ;

C:\Users\CHH_PC>echo.|time
 current time : 22:35:19.42
 Enter a new time :

bat Content

@echo off
echo.|SYSTEMINFO	
pause

D: echo Generate files and write information ;

echo a test file. >1.txt #  Generate the file here and write the content , And a test file.   There is a space after ;
echo a test file.>1.txt#  Generate the file here and write the content , And a test file.   No space after ; because  **file.>1** , There is no space at the connection ;
echo a test file.>>1.txt#  Generate the file here and write the content or append the content after the file content ;

E：echo Make the computer sound to prompt ;

voice	command
Beep	echo pause>nul

3. pause

Running this sentence pauses the execution of the batch and displays Press any key to continue… A hint of , Wait for the user to press any key before continuing ;

2> File processing command

1. ren Rename file

ren 1.png 2.png # first_file   target_file

3> Execute statement command

1. if Judge