Using JSON webtoken (JWT) to generate token in nodejs

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Ⅰ- one - jsonwebtoken brief introduction

One Why token

• http No state

• session Can't cross servers

• cors Cross domain later cookie Can't use

In separate projects , Each request session Will change , The front end calls the back end api Interface , Therefore use cors = require('cors') To solve the cross domain problem , And cross domain for cookie Come on , It's two different websites , therefore session Will keep changing .
In computer authentication, it's a token （ temporary ） It means , In lexical analysis, the meaning of mark . In general, what we call token Most of them are used for authentication token

We need to know every time who the current request is , But I don't want him to submit his user name and password every time , At this point, we need to have something that is equivalent to the user's name and password to identify the user's identity , namely —token

Two What is? token

token It is composed of three segments of encrypted string to . Separate, for example xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy.zzzzzzzzzzzzz

• The first paragraph : head , visa : Security information verification , Your password , Do irreversible encryption *

• The second paragraph : The information you want to save : basa64 Intercept the content after encryption ,

• The third paragraph : Additional information : Irreversible encryption

The first and third paragraphs are irreversible encryption Hash hash , The second paragraph base64 Reversible encryption

This string is sent from the back end to the front end , After landing again , Generate a token To the front end

Ⅱ - Ii. - jsonwebtoken Use

Download and use

npm i jsonwebtoken
||
yarn add jsonwebtoken

stay nodejs Directly import

// 0.  Import 
const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken')

Two jsonwebtoken Method

1 Generate token:

jwt.sign( The information you want to save , password , Parameters )

• Saved information

• password : encrypted password , When encrypting, mix in information to use , You need this password when decrypting

• Parameters : It's an object , {}

  expiresIn: Expiration time , The unit is in seconds (‘1d’)*

2 decode token:

jwt.verify( What you're trying to parse token, password , Callback function )

• token: It has to be a designated token

• password : It must be the password at the time of encryption

• Callback function : Receive results

const express = require('express')
const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken')
const cors = require('cors')
const router = express.Router()
const app = express()

app.use(cors())


//  Prepare one  token  Verification middleware 
app.use(function (req, res, next) {
   
  // req.url  Indicates the current address 
  const {
    url, headers: {
    authorization: token } } = req
  // const url = req.url
  // const { authorization: token } = req.headers
  // const token = req.headers.authorization

  //  It doesn't need to be verified   Request address 
  if (url === '/login' || url === '/banner') return next()

  //  Coming here means you need to  token  verification 
  if (!token) return res.send({
    message: ' Please bring  token  request ', code: 0 })

  jwt.verify(token, 'Josiah', (err, data) => {
   
    if (err && err.message === 'invalid token') return res.send({
    message: ' Invalid  token', code: 0 })

    if (err && err.message === 'jwt expired') return res.send({
    message: 'token  invalid ', code: 0 })

    next()
  })
})




router.get('/login', (req, res) => {
   
  //  Successful login by default 

  const userInfo = {
   
    username: 'XXX',
    age: 18
  }

  //  Generate a  token  Back to the front end 
  const token = jwt.sign(userInfo, 'Josiah, {
    expiresIn: 60 })

  res.send({
    message: ' Login successful ', code: 1, token })
})

//  Second test 
router.get('/cartInfo', (req, res) => {
   

  res.send({
    message: ' Successfully obtained shopping cart data ', code: 1 })
})


router.get('/pay', (req, res) => {
   

  res.send({
    message: ' Successful payment ', code: 1 })
})


//  First test 
// router.get('/cartInfo', (req, res) => {
   
  //  You want cart data 
  //  Then you have to log in later 
  //  verification  token  Is it right 
  // req,  It's the information of this request 
  // req.headers  This is the request header of this time 
  // const token = req.headers.authorization

  // // 1.  Is there any 
  // if (!token) return res.send({ message: ' The request requires  token', code: 0 })

  // // 2.  Isn't it 
  // jwt.verify(token, 'guoxiang', (err, data) => {
   
  // if (err && err.message === 'invalid token') return res.send({ message: ' Invalid  token', code: 0 })

  // if (err && err.message === 'jwt expired') return res.send({ message: 'token  invalid ', code: 0 })

  // res.send({ message: ' Successfully obtained shopping cart data ', code: 1 })
  // })

// })

router.get('/banner', (req, res) => {
   
  //  You need carousel information 
  //  No login verification required 

  res.send({
    message: ' Rotation chart data acquisition successful ', code: 1, list: [ {
   }, {
   } ] })
})

app.use(router)

app.listen(8080, () => console.log('running at 8080'))

3、 ... and Test use

token The generation and decoding of

// 0.  Import 
const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken')
//  Prepare a message 
const userInfo = {
   
  _id: '2131245655',
  username: ' Little star ',
  age: 18,
  gender: ' male '
}

// 1.  Generate a  token
const res = jwt.sign(userInfo, 'key', {
    expiresIn: 20 })
console.log(res)
//res The content will be generated 
// eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.
// eyJfaWQiOiIyMTMxMjQ1NjU1IiwidXNlcm5hbWUiOiLpg63nv5QiLCJhZ2UiOjE4LCJnZW5kZXIiOiLnlLciLCJpYXQiOjE1OTkxOTk2MDYsImV4cCI6MTU5OTE5OTYxNn0.
// Cg-PxkAzTnCUF9xja1O9gcOmRzaRsw4TlFM2nCZenAw


// 2.  decode 

  jwt.verify(res, 'key', (err, data) => {
   
    console.log(' for the first time  1.5s')
    if (err) return console.log(err)

    console.log(data)

  })

Ⅲ - 3 - Third party plug-ins express-jwt

• It's a express The framework and jwt Combined third party middleware
• effect ： verification token
• Using this plug-in requires and sonwebtoken Use it together

Be careful :

1. If you want to use it express-jwt You have to have a global error middleware
2. natural token Back to the front end , Need to be written Bearer token

The plug-ins used in the following cases ：

express、jsonwebtoken、express-jwt、cors

​

app.js

const express = require('express')
const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken')
const expressJWT = require('express-jwt')
const cors = require('cors')
const router = expryicisess.Router()
const app = express()


app.use(cors());// Solving cross domain problems 

// app.use()  It's inside  expressJWT().unless()
//  register  token  Verification middleware 
app.use(expressJWT({
   
  //  Parse the password ,  It needs to be the same as when encrypting 
  secret: 'Josiah',
  //  encryption : SHA256  The encryption method is in  express-jwt  It's called  HS256
  algorithms: ['HS256']
}).unless({
   
  //  No validation required  token  Path identifier for 
  path: ['/login', '/banner']
}))



router.get('/login', (req, res) => {
   
  //  Successful login by default 

  const userInfo = {
   
    username: ' Guo Xiang ',
    age: 18
  }

  //  Generate a  token  Back to the front end 
  const token = 'Bearer ' + jwt.sign(userInfo, 'Josiah', {
    expiresIn: 60 })

  res.send({
    message: ' Login successful ', code: 1, token })
})

app.use(router)


//  Error handling middleware 
app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
   
  res.send({
    err })
})

app.listen(8080, () => console.log('running at 8080'))

login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
  <title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>

  <button> Sign in </button>

  <script>
    //  If you are doing background management system ,  Generally stored in  sessionStorage
    // window.sessionStorage.setItem('abc', '100')
    
    //  Front end carrying  token  We store it in   Request header   Inside 
    // authorization: token

  
    const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()

    const token = window.localStorage.getItem('token')

    xhr.open('GET', 'http://localhost:8080/cartInfo')

    xhr.onload = function () {
   
      const res = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText)

      console.log(res)
    }

    xhr.setRequestHeader('authorization', token)

    xhr.send()
  </script>
</body>
</html>

0 - 0 - Knowledge point ：

One It's generating token When

You need to add Bearer There's a space after that

const token = 'Bearer ' + jwt.sign(userInfo, 'guoxiang', { expiresIn: 60 })

Second, we are analyzing token When

• Parse the password , It needs to be the same as when encrypting
• encryption : SHA256 The encryption method is in express-jwt It's called HS256

// app.use()  It's inside  expressJWT().unless()
//  register  token  Verification middleware 
app.use(expressJWT({
  //  Parse the password ,  It needs to be the same as when encrypting 
  secret: 'guoxiang',
  //  encryption : SHA256  The encryption method is in  express-jwt  It's called  HS256
  algorithms: ['HS256']
}).unless({
  //  No validation required  token  Path identifier for 
  path: ['/login', '/banner']
}))

3、 ... and When the front end gets

• If you are doing background management system , Generally stored in sessionStorage
• Front end carrying token We store it in Request header Inside , In general use authorization

  xhr.setRequestHeader('authorization', token)