Go Language introduction

One Go Language introduction

Go namely Golang, yes Google company 2009 year 11 A programming language officially opened to the public in May .

Go Is a static strongly typed language , It's a compiled language different from an analytic language ( static state ： Fixed type Strong type ： Direct operation is not allowed for different types ).

Two Go Linguistic characteristics

1. Cross platform compiler language ( Can cross compile )
2. Grammar is close to C Language
3. The Conduit （channel）, section （slice）, Concurrent （routine）–》 Thread pool + coroutines
4. There's a garbage collection mechanism (GC)
5. Support object-oriented and process oriented programming patterns

3、 ... and Go Language development

go Language is also used c Written , stay 2009 year 11 month 7 Japan Release weekly.2009-11-06, Early versions , Here are some important go edition

1. 2012 year 3 month 28 Japan go1 —— Stable release
2. 2015 year 8 month 19 Japan go1.5 —— Architecture changes implemented , At the same time, it retains the compatibility with the old version , Removed... From this update ” The last remnant C Code ”—》 Bootstrap
3. 2018 year 8 month 24 Japan go1.11 —— modules Support , Discard go path Package management
4. 2020 year 2 month go 1.14— — Now? Go Module Already available for production environments
5. so far ：1.17.6 Start supporting generics （ Extra operation ）

go Language is now used by almost all large and medium-sized companies , And there are many mature open source projects , Such as docker,kubernetes etc. , And suitable for server development , Microservice direction , Blockchain development The first open source blockchain software uses go Written , Automatic operation and maintenance docker,k8s Second opening , Cloud platform and other directions . therefore go It has a good development scenario , And learning is relatively simple .

Four Go Development environment construction

4.1 go Of sdk

Download address ：https://golang.google.cn/dl/, Find the corresponding system version , Download the latest version , Just take the next step

After installation , The installation path will be added to the environment variable , stay cmd Window type go version You can output and install go edition

4.2 IDE The choice of

go Of IDE Now the mainstream is goland , vscode, as well as linux Upper vim

Choose here With goland Mainly , Also recommended for beginners goland , although goland charge , But it is powerful and can be cracked ,vscode and vim You need to build your own development environment , And the whole set is no better than goland Small space .

https://www.jetbrains.com/zh-cn/go/download/other.html—》2021.1 edition You can use unlimited trial plug-ins

After downloading, just go to the next step

5、 ... and first go Program

package main   //  Specify package name , Any one of them go All documents should have this sentence , The package name can be different , Must call now main

import "fmt"  // Import the built-in package ,fmt package , Just use fmt package , Will automatically import ,goland Automatically imported , If other editors , Manual import required 

func main()  {
       //  Define a function , The function name is  main, Must call now main
	fmt.Println("hello world")  //  Real output on the console  hello world, You have to use double quotes 
}

because go It's a compiler language , and python Dissimilarity , It needs to be compiled before execution

go build go file name    //  compile go file , win platform   Translate it into  go file name .exe
go run go File name .exe  //  Execute the file to run , You can also directly click Run 

 And it can directly  go run go file name  //  Will automatically compile and run , But the compiled file , Not under the project root path , And it will be deleted after running 

Use in development phase goland perform

goland It also provides compiling and running , Good configuration go sdk after Right click to run

In the learning phase , It is recommended to change the configuration , Choose to execute as a file , Otherwise, it is easy to make mistakes .