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缓存穿透、缓存击穿、缓存雪崩分别是什么
2022-07-04 15:38:00 【51CTO】
缓存中存放的⼤多都是热点数据,⽬的就是防⽌请求可以直接从缓存中获取到数据,⽽不⽤访问 Mysql。
- 缓存雪崩:如果缓存中某⼀时刻⼤批热点数据同时过期,那么就可能导致⼤量请求直接访问Mysql了,解决办法就是在过期时间上增加⼀点随机值,另外如果搭建⼀个⾼可⽤的Redis集群也是防⽌缓 存雪崩的有效⼿段
- 缓存击穿:和缓存雪崩类似,缓存雪崩是⼤批热点数据失效,⽽缓存击穿是指某⼀个热点key突然失效,也导致了⼤量请求直接访问Mysql数据库,这就是缓存击穿,解决⽅案就是考虑这个热点key不 设过期时间
- 缓存穿透:假如某⼀时刻访问redis的⼤量key都在redis中不存在(比如黑客故意伪造⼀些乱七八糟的key),那么也会给数据造成压⼒,这就是缓存穿透,解决⽅案是使⽤布隆过滤器,它的作⽤就是 如果它认为⼀个key不存在,那么这个key就肯定不存在,所以可以在缓存之前加⼀层布隆过滤器来 拦截不存在的key
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