Directory and switching operation in file system

cd

cd,change directory, Switch current working directory .

In addition to the specified directory , There are also the following special directories .

• .: Current working directory .
• ..: Parent working directory .
• /: root directory .
• ~: home Catalog , The current user directory , You can also use environment variables $HOME Express . Assume that the current user is shanyue, be ~ The catalogue is /Users/shanyue (mac System ).

in addition ,cd - To enter the last working directory , Like git checout - Switch back to the last branch .

$ cd ~
$ cd -
$ cd $HOME

except cd Outside , There is a small tool with powerful function to switch directories autojump.

autojump Manual download is required .

#  Switch to include  foo  A directory of substrings 
$ j foo

Q: You know, autojump How it works , You can write a autojump Command line gadgets ？

pwd

pwd,print working directory, Print current working directory .

#  Print current path , The directory is  react  Source content 
$ pwd
/Users/shanyue/Documents/react

ls

ls, List the contents of a working directory .

ls A single instruction will not be listed with . Opening file , such as .git、 .babelrc、.eslintrc Will not display by default . While using -a, All documents will be listed .

In daily work , Regular use ls -lah List the contents of the working directory .

# -l:  Use long list format 
# -a:  List all files , Include  .  Opening file 
# -h:  Represent the file volume in readable form , such as  100M
$ ls -lah
total 2176
drwxr-xr-x    36 shanyue  shanyue   1.1K  6 10 15:45 .
[email protected]  242 shanyue  shanyue   7.6K  5 29 09:37 ..
drwxr-xr-x     3 shanyue  shanyue    96B  6 10 15:45 .circleci
drwxr-xr-x     3 shanyue  shanyue    96B  6 10 15:45 .codesandbox
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   294B  5 22  2021 .editorconfig
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   759B  6 10 15:45 .eslintignore
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   8.4K  6 10 15:45 .eslintrc.js
drwxr-xr-x    14 shanyue  shanyue   448B  6 10 15:45 .git
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue    12B  5 22  2021 .gitattributes
drwxr-xr-x     6 shanyue  shanyue   192B  9  8  2021 .github
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   881B  6 10 15:45 .gitignore
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   7.6K  5 22  2021 .mailmap
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue     9B  6 10 15:45 .nvmrc
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   546B  6 10 15:45 .prettierignore
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   363B  5 22  2021 .prettierrc.js
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue     3B  5 22  2021 .watchmanconfig
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue    42K  5 22  2021 AUTHORS
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   198K  6 10 15:45 CHANGELOG.md
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   3.5K  5 22  2021 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   216B  5 22  2021 CONTRIBUTING.md
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   1.1K  5 22  2021 LICENSE
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   5.1K  6 10 15:45 README.md
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   1.5K  6 10 15:45 ReactVersions.js
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   400B  5 22  2021 SECURITY.md
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   671B  9  2  2021 appveyor.yml
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   1.0K  5 22  2021 babel.config.js
drwxr-xr-x     6 shanyue  shanyue   192B  9  4  2021 build
drwxr-xr-x     2 shanyue  shanyue    64B  9  4  2021 build2
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   7.5K  6 10 15:45 dangerfile.js
drwxr-xr-x    23 shanyue  shanyue   736B  6 10 15:45 fixtures
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   220B  5 22  2021 netlify.toml
drwxr-xr-x  1426 shanyue  shanyue    45K  9  2  2021 node_modules
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   7.2K  6 10 15:45 package.json
drwxr-xr-x    39 shanyue  shanyue   1.2K  6 10 15:45 packages
drwxr-xr-x    22 shanyue  shanyue   704B  9  2  2021 scripts
-rw-r--r--     1 shanyue  shanyue   733K  6 10 15:45 yarn.lock

That's in ls What information does each line represent ？ In the next section .

Q: How to configure colors to distinguish directories and files , See the screenshot below .

exa

One ls substitute , Have more friendly colors and richer output , At the same time, more options are supported .

#  Support the view  git  situation 
$ exa -lah --git

tree

tree, List the files in a tree view .

This command needs to be downloaded manually .

# macos
$ brew install tree

# centos
$ yum install tree

It can be done by -L Specify the hierarchy , The following instructions can be used for normal work .

# -a:  List all files 
# -F:  Add... To the end of the directory  /, Add... To the end of the executable  *
# -L:  Specify the hierarchy 
$ tree packages/react-dom -aF -L 2
packages/react-dom
|-- README.md
|-- client.js
|-- index.classic.fb.js
|-- index.experimental.js
|-- index.js
|-- index.modern.fb.js
|-- index.stable.js
|-- npm/
|   |-- client.js
|   |-- index.js
|   |-- profiling.js
|   |-- server.browser.js
|   |-- server.js
|   |-- server.node.js
|   |-- test-utils.js
|   `-- unstable_testing.js
|-- package.json
|-- server.browser.js
|-- server.js
|-- server.node.js
|-- src/
|   |-- __tests__/
|   |-- client/
|   |-- events/
|   |-- server/
|   |-- shared/
|   `-- test-utils/
|-- test-utils.js
|-- unstable_testing.classic.fb.js
|-- unstable_testing.experimental.js
|-- unstable_testing.js
|-- unstable_testing.modern.fb.js
`-- unstable_testing.stable.js

8 directories, 25 files

meanwhile , You can also use more advanced exa -T Print tree file .

# -T: --tree, List the files in a tree view 
# -L: --level, Specify the hierarchy 
$ exa -lah -T -L 2 packages/react-dom