深度解读智能推荐系统搭建之路 | 会展云技术揭秘

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/af/af9f6637b50b09be60b00a42f3812d5e.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"云妹导读："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在《会展云技术解读》专题中，我们已经推出了"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1OTgxMTg2Nw==&mid=2247494756&idx=1&sn=3628afb8c6b0053d7e62b2ac94e643c3&scene=21#wechat_redirect","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"安全篇"}]},{"type":"text","text":"与"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU1OTgxMTg2Nw==&mid=2247494818&idx=1&sn=4b294480df8370df767388ecaa9988ff&scene=21#wechat_redirect","title":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"设计篇"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，分别介绍了如何应对云上会展最严保障要求与线上展览中基于服务设计的方法，本篇文章云妹将继续为大家带来会展云中非常重要的一环——智能推荐系统。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在如今的互联网产品中智能推荐可谓无处不在，它可以根据用户每个人的性别、年龄、爱好等维度塑造静态用户画像，和用户每一次点击、点赞、评论、收藏等行为数据形成的动态用户画像相结合，来结合挖掘用户深层次兴趣需求维度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我们常见的有新闻推荐和电商场景的商品推荐，展会场景推荐系统与之不同的是，它需要满足"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"参展商"},{"type":"text","text":"、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"采购商"},{"type":"text","text":"和"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"个人用户"},{"type":"text","text":"各方需求，尤其是像前不久举办的永不落幕的云上服贸会，首次采用线上+线下结合的模式，将服贸会影响辐射周期从集中的一周拉长至一整年，参展商、采购商以及正在寻找商机有需求的个人用户都可以随时随地浏览云上服贸会寻找有价值的商机。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"服贸会注册展商近万家，涉及展品数量庞大，涉及"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"200多"},{"type":"text","text":"个子行业。如何让线上用户从大量的展商信息中快速找到自己想要的商机？如何保持有效商机的持续获取？这些问题是提升观展体验和逛展效率的关键行动。在这个过程中，京东智联云机器学习团队承担了"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"云上服贸会智能推荐功能的开发"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/5d/5d2bcd5d36fc7d1ea760b802d07f50c0.webp","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从上图可以看到，整个服贸会智能推荐系统包括四个模块的功能，同时服务官网2D店铺和手机APP端，可以做到用户级别的个性化推荐。针对服贸会的"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"展商"},{"type":"text","text":"、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"展台"},{"type":"text","text":"、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"展品"},{"type":"text","text":"、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"项目"},{"type":"text","text":"四项重要信息，智能推荐系统有对应的"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"展商推荐"},{"type":"text","text":"、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"展台推荐"},{"type":"text","text":"、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"展品推荐"},{"type":"text","text":"和"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"项目发布推荐"},{"type":"text","text":"四个模块。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其中，展商、展台和展品推荐三个模块的功能引入了采购商和个人的用户画像、兴趣标签和行为等维度数据进行精准匹配。比较难实现的是项目发布的推荐，因为除了要考虑用户画像和兴趣标签等维度数据外，考虑到项目的及时性和强目的性，还需要高权重的引入内容维度的数据做推荐。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本次智能推荐功能落地过程中除了对于如何更精准的实现项目发布的推荐外，还有3大难题："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"整个云上服贸，智能推荐呈现的内容承载近80%的用户“第一眼”，所以如何在第一时间给用户带来最佳的精准推荐是一个比较棘手的问题。加上本次是第一届云上服贸会，没有历史信息可以使用。怎么做才能最大价值用户的第一时间流量是整个项目期间持续思考的问题；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然整个云上服贸会注册参展商不如电商平台的量级大，但是在9月5日-9月9日线下展会期间是同样需要面对高并发和性能的挑战，好的架构系统设计是扛得住检验的坚实防线；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"解决了“第一眼”的推荐，如何做好第二眼、第三眼……的推荐，除了做好用户画像，在参展内容刻画的不断探索。"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同时，我们也在不断思考：对于“永不落寞的服贸会”如何持续做好后续的推荐？不同于互联网产品新闻推荐和电商场景的商品推荐，展会场景的推荐如何做出满足各方（参展商、采购商和个人用户）需求的推荐之路？"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/e6/e68a1cf97d4d5e2fc5161ee727f337a0.webp","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"50%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前市场上面向C端的用户产品如头条、淘宝和各家音乐APP等为了做好推荐过程的冷启动可谓各显神通——通过多途径尽可能地获取数据，比如首次注册的“关联微博/微信/QQ”账户；比如询问用户的偏好和感兴趣内容；比如基础的用户信息收集（性别、年龄、地域和所属行业等）。无论通过被动的信息获取还是主动的用户意向选择，都旨在补全对用户的认知，加上对分发内容精细化粒度的标签特征提取，可以实现冷启动的个性化推荐。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而冷启动推荐的另一个较高的门槛是："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"对用户场景和行为动机的深层理解，足够的知识库沉淀。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但云上服贸会的智能推荐场景，以上两条路似乎都不怎么好走。由于是首次参与展会类场景的推荐，即使看似推荐的产品和京东的商品相似，有展台和展品的划分，但是用户的群体画像和逛展意图有天壤之别。好在京东智联云长期以来一直赋能于ToB的业务，沉淀了对B端企业采购场景的认知。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"尤其在2020年年初的疫情期间，为了给企业和政府提供高效的防疫装备采买，京东智联云推出了"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"“应急资源信息发布平台”"},{"type":"text","text":"。提供"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"采购"},{"type":"text","text":"和"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"发布"},{"type":"text","text":"供需信息的通道的同时，还为平台用户提供了基于"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"供需诉求"},{"type":"text","text":"、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"地理位置"},{"type":"text","text":"、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"产品匹配度与数量"},{"type":"text","text":"、"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"生产力"},{"type":"text","text":"和"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"运输效率"},{"type":"text","text":"等多维度的精准推荐。这些沉淀的供需场景知识刚好可以应用于本次云上服贸会的推荐。另一方面，我们对于用户画像和分发内容画像的理解和补全也做了很多功课，最终确保本次云上服贸会智能推荐的功能到成功亮相。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/d4/d41f7b64bae5018751316cd3f909bee7.webp","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"50%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"面对高并发下的高性能要求，我们设计了基于Caffeine和Redis的多重缓存架构，接下来将从两个方面来介绍："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"技术选型"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么使用Caffeine+Redis？Redis不用多说，大家都太熟悉了。这里重点介绍下Caffeine，Caffeine是一个基于"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Java8开发的提供了近乎最佳命中率的高性能缓存库。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"这里有人又会产生疑问，为什么不用Guava Cache呢？这种大家更熟悉基于LRU（The Least Recently Used）算法实现的本地化缓存难道不好吗？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然Guava Cache在过去应用更广泛，性能也还不错，但在日新月异的今天，总是会有更优秀、性能更好的缓存框架出现——就像Caffeine。另外再补充下，从Spring5（SpringBoot2）开始也使用Caffeine来取代Guava Cache。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为什么Caffeine的性能更好？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先从淘汰算法说起，Guava Cache使用的是LRU。LRU实现比较简单，日常使用时也有着不错的命中率，它可以"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"有效的保护热点数据，"},{"type":"text","text":"但对于偶发或周期性的访问，会导致偶发数据被保留，而真正的热点数据被淘汰，大大降低缓存命中率。为此Caffeine使用了Window TinyLFU算法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在讲Window TinyLFU前，还需要再简单介绍下LFU。LFU算法解决了"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"LRU对于突发或周期性访问导致真实热点数据淘汰的问题，"},{"type":"text","text":"但短时间对于某些数据的高频访问，会导致这些数据长时间驻留在内存中，进而在触发淘汰时，新加入的热点数据被错误的淘汰掉，最终导致命中率的下降。另外LFU还需要维护访问频次，每次访问都需要更新，造成巨大的资源开销。Window TinyLFU实际上吸取了LRU和LFU的优点，又规避了各自的缺点。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"具体做法是：首先Window TinyLFU维护了一个近期访问记录的频次信息，作为一个过滤器，当新记录来时，只有满足TinyLFU要求的记录才可以被插入缓存。为了解决资源的高消耗问题，它通过"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4-bit CountMinSketch"},{"type":"text","text":"实现，这个算法类似于布隆过滤器，可以用很小的空间来存放大量的访问频次数据。这个设计给予每个数据项积累热度的机会，而不是立即过滤掉。这避免了持续的未命中，特别是在突然流量暴涨的的场景中，一些短暂的重复流量就不会被长期保留。为了刷新历史数据，一个时间衰减进程被周期性或增量的执行，给所有计数器减半。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https://static001.geekbang.org/infoq/85/85c7ed3c61cb1695ca7e2d2f84e63182.webp","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"50%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而对于长期保存的数据，W-TinyLFU使用了Segmented LRU（缩写 SLRU）策略。在初始阶段，一个数据项会被存储在probationary segment中，在后续被访问时，它会被移到protected segment中。当protected segment内存不够时，有的数据会被淘汰回probationary segment，这也可能再次触发probationary 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