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路由基础—动态路由
2022-07-02 06:28:00 【藤原千花的败北】
前言
前面有说,路由有3种来源:
- 直连路由
- 静态路由
- 动态路由
静态路由由管理员手工配置,不能自动响应网络拓扑的变化;动态路由可以使路由器使用路由协议从其他路由器获得路由,当网络拓扑发生变化时,路由器会自动更新路由信息。
一、动态路由是什么?
动态路由是指路由器能够自动地建立自己的路由表,并且能够根据实际情况的变化适时地进行调整。
动态路由是与静态路由相对的一个概念,指路由器能够根据路由器之间的交换的特定路由信息自动地建立自己的路由表,并且能够根据链路和节点的变化适时地进行自动调整。当网络中节点或节点间的链路发生故障,或存在其它可用路由时,动态路由可以自行选择最佳的可用路由并继续转发报文。
摘自百度百科
二、路由协议
1.概述
- 路由器之间交互信息的一种语言
- 共享路由信息
- 维护路由表、提供最佳转发路径
既然能够动态建立与维护路由表,少不了编程的实现。计网中的协议,也是如此。通过代码,
2.路由协议总览

3.分类
根据作用范围
| - | - |
|---|---|
| IGP(Interior Gateway Protocol) 内部网关协议 | 运行在 AS 内 交换AS内的路由 |
| EGP(Exterior Gateway Protocol) 外部网关协议 | 运行在 AS 之外 交换AS之间的路由 |
| AS(Autonomous Systems)自治系统 | 处于单个管理机制下的网络 |
根据协议算法
| - | - |
|---|---|
| DV(Distance-Vector) 距离矢量 | 基于距离矢量算法,路由器并不了解网络拓扑结构 类似路牌,道听途说 如:RIP、EIGRP |
| LS(Link-State) | 基于SPF(Shortest Path First,最短路径优先)算法,路由器了解完整的网络拓扑结构 类似地图 如:OSPF、IS-IS |
根据发送的更新是否携带掩码:
| - | - |
|---|---|
| Classful 有类 | 不携带掩码 RIPv1、IGRP |
| Classless 无类 | 携带掩码 RIPv2、EIGRP、OSPF、IS-IS、BGP |
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