PostgreSQL 13 installation

One 、 summary

This document describes Linux platform PostgreSQL Two installation methods of ,rmp Installation and source installation .

Two 、rpm install

rpm The installation package is compiled in advance , So the installation process is fast , But its path is also fixed , inflexible .

2.1 Operating system environment

RHEL/CentOS 7-x86_64

2.2 Installation package

PG13.6 rpm Installation package download address

1.postgresql13-13.6-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
2.postgresql13-contrib-13.6-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
3.postgresql13-libs-13.6-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm
4.postgresql13-server-13.6-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm

Installation package description ：

• 1.PostgreSQL Client package . If you want to be local or remote PostgreSQL Operation on the server PostgreSQL database , You need this bag . If you want to install postgresql13-server package , You also need to install this package .
• 2.PostgreSQL Expansion pack, . Contains PostgreSQL Various extension modules included in the distribution .
• 3. share lib Library package . The client program or interface connects to the database , Or use other PostgreSQL lib library , This package needs to be installed .
• 4.PostgreSQL Server installation package . The package includes creating and running PostgreSQL Programs required by the server , This will allow you to create and maintain PostgreSQL database .

2.3 Installation steps

1） close SELinux

sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
cat /etc/selinux/config | grep SELINUX=disabled
getenforce

2） Firewall configuration

-- Turn off firewall 
systemctl status firewalld.service
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service

-- Add the database port number （ When the firewall cannot be closed ）
firewall-cmd --add-port=5432/tcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=5432/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-ports  | grep 5432

3） Parameter limit configuration

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

#for pg13
postgres soft  core unlimited
postgres hard  nproc unlimited
postgres soft  nproc unlimited
postgres hard  memlock unlimited
postgres hard  nofile 1024000
postgres soft  memlock unlimited
postgres soft  nofile 1024000
postgres hard  stack  65536
postgres soft  stack  65536

4） Time zone check configuration

-- Check time zone 
timedatectl    
-- Change the time zone to Shanghai 
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
-- Change the time zone to Hong Kong 
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Hong_Kong

5） Create system user

groupdel postgres
userdel postgres
groupadd postgres
useradd -g postgres postgres
passwd postgres

6） Create a data directory

mkdir /data/pg13/{
    dbbak,archive} -p
chown postgres:postgres /data -R

7） Install the software

rpm -ivh postgresql13-*

8） Add environment variables

su - postgres

vi /home/postgres/.bash_profile

export PGHOME=/usr/pgsql-13
export PGDATA=/data/pg13/data
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=/usr/pgsql-13/bin:$PATH

source /home/postgres/.bash_profile

9） Initialize database

initdb -A scram-sha-256 -W
ll /data/pg13/data

10） Start database

pg_ctl start
pg_ctl status

11） Parameter configuration after installation

psql Connect to the database configuration

alter system set listen_addresses = '*';
alter system set max_connections = 2000;
alter system set superuser_reserved_connections = 10;
alter system set shared_buffers = '16GB';         # Physical memory is recommended 1/4
alter system set effective_cache_size = '32GB';   # Physical memory is recommended 1/2
alter system set maintenance_work_mem = '2GB';
alter system set autovacuum_work_mem = '1GB';
alter system set effective_io_concurrency = 0;
alter system set checkpoint_completion_target = 0.8;
alter system set checkpoint_timeout = '30min';
alter system set log_destination = 'csvlog';
alter system set logging_collector = on;
alter system set log_directory = 'logs';
alter system set log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log'; 
alter system set log_rotation_age = '1d';
alter system set log_rotation_size = 0;
alter system set log_truncate_on_rotation = on;
alter system set log_statement = 'ddl';
alter system set log_connections = on;
alter system set log_disconnections = on;
alter system set log_min_duration_statement = '5s';
alter system set log_checkpoints = on;
alter system set log_error_verbosity = verbose;        
alter system set log_line_prefix = '%m [%p] %q %u %d %a %r %e '; 
alter system set min_wal_size ='8GB';         # recommend  max_wal_size  Of  1/4
alter system set max_wal_size ='32GB';        # recommend  shared_buffers  Of  2  times 
alter system set archive_mode = on;
alter system set archive_command = 'cp %p /data/pg13/archive/%f;find /data/pg13/archive/ -type f -mtime +7 -exec rm -f {} \'; alter system set archive_timeout = '30min';

12） modify pg_hba.conf

vi $PGDATA/pg_hba.conf

host    all             all             0.0.0.0/0               scram-sha-256

pg_ctl restart

13） Set power on self start

root User configuration
Mode one ： Script

vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local

su - postgres -c '/usr/pgsql-13/bin/pg_ctl start -D /data/pg13/data/'

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

Mode two ： service

vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-13.service

Environment=PGDATA=/data/pg13/data/


systemctl enable postgresql-13.service
systemctl is-enabled postgresql-13.service

14） Installation and configuration instructions

After installation , You can use pg_config Command to view the default path , Default compilation parameters and other information .

[[email protected] ~]$ pg_config
BINDIR = /usr/pgsql-13/bin
DOCDIR = /usr/pgsql-13/doc
HTMLDIR = /usr/pgsql-13/doc/html
INCLUDEDIR = /usr/pgsql-13/include
PKGINCLUDEDIR = /usr/pgsql-13/include
INCLUDEDIR-SERVER = /usr/pgsql-13/include/server
LIBDIR = /usr/pgsql-13/lib
PKGLIBDIR = /usr/pgsql-13/lib
LOCALEDIR = /usr/pgsql-13/share/locale
MANDIR = /usr/pgsql-13/share/man
SHAREDIR = /usr/pgsql-13/share
SYSCONFDIR = /etc/sysconfig/pgsql
PGXS = /usr/pgsql-13/lib/pgxs/src/makefiles/pgxs.mk
CONFIGURE =  '--enable-rpath' '--prefix=/usr/pgsql-13' '--includedir=/usr/pgsql-13/include' '--mandir=/usr/pgsql-13/share/man' '--datadir=/usr/pgsql-13/share' '--libdir=/usr/pgsql-13/lib' '--with-icu' '--with-llvm' '--with-perl' '--with-python' '--with-tcl' '--with-tclconfig=/usr/lib64' '--with-openssl' '--with-pam' '--with-gssapi' '--with-includes=/usr/include' '--with-libraries=/usr/lib64' '--enable-nls' '--enable-dtrace' '--with-uuid=e2fs' '--with-libxml' '--with-libxslt' '--with-ldap' '--with-selinux' '--with-systemd' '--with-system-tzdata=/usr/share/zoneinfo' '--sysconfdir=/etc/sysconfig/pgsql' '--docdir=/usr/pgsql-13/doc' '--htmldir=/usr/pgsql-13/doc/html' 'CFLAGS=-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic' 'LLVM_CONFIG=/usr/lib64/llvm5.0/bin/llvm-config' 'CLANG=/opt/rh/llvm-toolset-7/root/usr/bin/clang' 'PKG_CONFIG_PATH=:/usr/lib64/pkgconfig:/usr/share/pkgconfig' 'PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3'
CC = gcc -std=gnu99
CPPFLAGS = -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/usr/include/libxml2 -I/usr/include
CFLAGS = -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror=vla -Wendif-labels -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wformat-security -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fexcess-precision=standard -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches   -m64 -mtune=generic
CFLAGS_SL = -fPIC
LDFLAGS = -L/usr/lib64/llvm5.0/lib -L/usr/lib64 -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath,'/usr/pgsql-13/lib',--enable-new-dtags
LDFLAGS_EX =
LDFLAGS_SL =
LIBS = -lpgcommon -lpgport -lpthread -lselinux -lxslt -lxml2 -lpam -lssl -lcrypto -lgssapi_krb5 -lz -lreadline -lrt -ldl -lm
VERSION = PostgreSQL 13.6

BINDIR： Executable location .
DOCDIR： Document file location .
HTMLDIR：HTML Document file location .
INCLUDEDIR： Client interface C Location of header file .
PKGINCLUDEDIR： Other C Location of header file .
INCLUDEDIR-SERVER： Server programmed C Location of header file .
LIBDIR： Location of object code base .
PKGLIBDIR： Location of dynamically loadable modules , Or the server may search their location （ Other architecture independent data files may also be installed in this directory ）.
LOCALEDIR： Location of area support files （ If in PostgreSQL There is no configuration region support when it is compiled , This will be an empty string ）.
MANDIR： The location of the man page .
SHAREDIR： Location of architecture independent support files .
SYSCONFDIR： Location of system wide configuration files .
PGXS： Expand makefile The location of .
CONFIGURE： When PostgreSQL Configured to be given at compile time configure Script options . This can be used to get the same configuration again , Or find out which option compiles a binary package （ Note, however, that binary packages usually contain vendor specific patches ）.
CC： Used to compile PostgreSQL Of CC A variable's value . This shows the used C compiler .
CPPFLAGS： Used to compile PostgreSQL Of CPPFLAGS A variable's value . This shows what is needed in preprocessing C Compiler switches （ Typically -I switch ）.
CFLAGS： Used to compile PostgreSQL Of CFLAGS A variable's value . This shows the used C Compiler switches .
CFLAGS_SL： Used to compile PostgreSQL Of CFLAGS_SL A variable's value . This shows the additional C Compiler switches .
LDFLAGS： Used to compile PostgreSQL Of LDFLAGS A variable's value . This shows the linker switch .
LDFLAGS_EX： Used to compile PostgreSQL Of LDFLAGS_EX A variable's value . This only shows the linker switches used to compile executable programs .
LDFLAGS_SL： Used to compile PostgreSQL Of LDFLAGS_SL A variable's value . This only shows the linker switch used to compile the shared library .
LIBS： Used to compile PostgreSQL Of LIBS A variable's value . This usually includes links to PostgreSQL Of the external library in -l switch .
VERSION：PostgreSQL Version of .

15） uninstall

root User configuration

-- Stop storage 
systemctl stop postgresql-13.service
ps -ef|grep post

-- Back up the original data （ Be sure not to delete ）
mv /data/ /data20220616

-- uninstall 
rpm -e --nodeps `rpm -qa | grep postgresql`
userdel -r postgres
rpm -qa |grep -ie "postgre|pg"
find / -name post

3、 ... and 、 Source code installation

3.1 Operating system environment

RHEL/CentOS 7-x86_64

3.2 Installation package

PG13.6 Source installation package download address

postgresql-13.6.tar.bz2
postgresql-13.6.tar.bz2.md5
postgresql-13.6.tar.bz2.sha256
postgresql-13.6.tar.gz
postgresql-13.6.tar.gz.md5
postgresql-13.6.tar.gz.sha256

Installation package description ：

• The above is the source installation package and its verification code of the two packaging methods , This selection postgresql-13.6.tar.gz Installation package .

3.3 Installation steps

1） close SELinux

sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
cat /etc/selinux/config | grep SELINUX=disabled
getenforce

2） Firewall configuration

-- Turn off firewall 
systemctl status firewalld.service
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service

-- Add the database port number （ When the firewall cannot be closed ）
firewall-cmd --add-port=5432/tcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=5432/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-ports  | grep 5432

3） Parameter limit configuration

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

#for pg13
postgres soft  core unlimited
postgres hard  nproc unlimited
postgres soft  nproc unlimited
postgres hard  memlock unlimited
postgres hard  nofile 1024000
postgres soft  memlock unlimited
postgres soft  nofile 1024000
postgres hard  stack  65536
postgres soft  stack  65536

4） Time zone check configuration

-- Check time zone 
timedatectl    
-- Change the time zone to Shanghai 
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
-- Change the time zone to Hong Kong 
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Hong_Kong

5） Create system user

groupdel postgres
userdel postgres
groupadd postgres
useradd -g postgres postgres
passwd postgres

6） Create a data directory

mkdir /app/pg13 -p
mkdir /data/pg13/{
    dbbak,archive} -p
chown postgres:postgres /app/pg13 -R
chown postgres:postgres /data -R

7） Install dependency packages

yum install -y make gcc gcc-c++ readline-devel zlib-devel gzip bzip2 perl-ExtUtils-Embed libperl-dev python-devel tcl-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel pam-devel  openldap-devel libuuid-devel uuid uuid-devel openssl openssl-devel

make gcc gcc-c++: Compiling and installing requires
gzip bzip2： Decompression requires
readline-devel： Support arrow keys to retrieve and edit previous commands
zlib-devel： Support pg_dump and pg_restore Use in zlib Compressed archive
perl-ExtUtils-Embed libperl-dev： Support PL/Perl Server programming language
python-devel： Support PL/Python Server programming language
tcl-devel： Support PL/Tcl Process language
libxml2-devel： Support handling XML
libxslt-devel： Support use XSLT take XML Programs that convert to other formats
pam-devel openldap-devel： Support use Kerberos、OpenLDAP and / or PAM Certification of services
libuuid-devel uuid uuid-devel： Support generation UUID
openssl openssl-devel： Support encrypted client connection
llvm llvm-devel:llvm library , Support based on LLVM Of JIT compile

8） Compilation and installation

Upload the source installation package , Decompress, compile, install

tar -xzvf postgresql-13.6.tar.gz
cd postgresql-13.6

./configure --prefix=/app/pg13 --with-perl --with-python --with-tcl --with-openssl --with-pam --with-gssapi --enable-nls --with-uuid=e2fs --with-libxml --with-libxslt --with-ldap

make&&make install

–prefix
Put all the files in the directory PREFIX Not /usr/local/pgsql in , The actual files are installed in several subdirectories .
–with-perl
Make PL/Perl Server programming language .
–with-python
Make PL/Python Server programming language .
–with-tcl
Make PL/Tcl Server programming language .
–with-openssl
compile SSL（ encryption ） Connection support .
–with-pam
Use PAM（ Pluggable authentication module ） Support building .
–with-gssapi
Build support GSSAPI Authentication .
–enable-nls
Turn on local language support （NLS）, That is, the ability to display program messages in non English .
–with-uuid
Use specified UUID Library compilation uuid-ossp modular （ Provide build UUID Function of ）.
–with-libxml
Use libxml2 structure , Enable SQL/XML Support .
–with-libxslt
Use libxslt structure , send xml2 The module can execute XML Of XSL transformation . --with-libxml Must also specify .
–with-ldap
Compile for authentication and connection parameter lookup LDAP Support .

8） Add environment variables

su - postgres

vi /home/postgres/.bash_profile

export PGHOME=/app/pg13
export PGDATA=/data/pg13/data
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=/app/pg13/bin:$PATH

source /home/postgres/.bash_profile

9） Initialize database

initdb -A scram-sha-256 -W
ll /data/pg13/data

10） Start database

pg_ctl start
pg_ctl status

11） Parameter configuration after installation

psql Connect to the database configuration

alter system set listen_addresses = '*';
alter system set max_connections = 2000;
alter system set superuser_reserved_connections = 10;
alter system set shared_buffers = '16GB';         # Physical memory is recommended 1/4
alter system set effective_cache_size = '32GB';   # Physical memory is recommended 1/2
alter system set maintenance_work_mem = '2GB';
alter system set autovacuum_work_mem = '1GB';
alter system set effective_io_concurrency = 0;
alter system set checkpoint_completion_target = 0.8;
alter system set checkpoint_timeout = '30min';
alter system set log_destination = 'csvlog';
alter system set logging_collector = on;
alter system set log_directory = 'logs';
alter system set log_filename = 'postgresql-%a.log'; 
alter system set log_rotation_age = '1d';
alter system set log_rotation_size = 0;
alter system set log_truncate_on_rotation = on;
alter system set log_statement = 'ddl';
alter system set log_connections = on;
alter system set log_disconnections = on;
alter system set log_min_duration_statement = '5s';
alter system set log_checkpoints = on;
alter system set log_error_verbosity = verbose;        
alter system set log_line_prefix = '%m [%p] %q %u %d %a %r %e '; 
alter system set min_wal_size ='8GB';         # recommend  max_wal_size  Of  1/4
alter system set max_wal_size ='32GB';        # recommend  shared_buffers  Of  2  times 
alter system set archive_mode = on;
alter system set archive_command = 'cp %p /data/pg13/archive/%f;find /data/pg13/archive/ -type f -mtime +7 -exec rm -f {} \'; alter system set archive_timeout = '30min';

12） modify pg_hba.conf

vi $PGDATA/pg_hba.conf

host    all             all             0.0.0.0/0               scram-sha-256

pg_ctl restart

13） Set power on self start

root User configuration

vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local

su - postgres -c '/app/pg13/bin/pg_ctl start -D /data/pg13/data/'

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local

14） uninstall

root User configuration

-- Stop storage 
pg_ctl stop
ps -ef|grep post

-- Back up the original data （ Be sure not to delete ）
mv /data/pg13/data/ /data/pg13/data20220616

-- Clean up users and directories 
userdel -r postgres
find / -name post*
rm -rf /app/
rm -rf /data/