Commands related to files and directories

File and directory related commands

1.ls： List the names of the current files and folders

grammar ：

 ls [-alrtAFR] [name...]

Parameters :

• -a Show hidden files and directories (. The hidden files at the beginning will also be listed )
• -l In addition to the file name , Will also document type 、 jurisdiction 、 The owner 、 File size and other information detailing
• -r The files are displayed in reverse order ( Scheduled in alphabetical order )
• -t The file lists in accordance with the priorities set-up time
• -A Same as -a , But not listed “.” ( Currently directory ) And “…” ( Parent directory )
• -F Add a symbol to the file name listed ; Then add executable e.g. “*”, Then add directory “/”
• -R If there are files in the directory , The following are listed in order of files Beijing and Taipei

ls -a： Show the names of all files and folders （ Including hidden such as .book）
ls -l=ll： Show details of files and folders
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096：d The beginning is the folder , Folders are 4096 size
ls -R： Recursively display the directory of the current folder
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[[email protected] ~]# ls -ahl
total 28K
dr-xr-x---.  2 root root  135 Dec 16 02:34 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 17 root root  224 Dec 14 01:38 ..
-rw-------.  1 root root 1.3K Dec 14 01:38 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-------.  1 root root 1.2K Dec 16 02:34 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root   18 Dec 28  2013 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  176 Dec 28  2013 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  176 Dec 28  2013 .bashrc
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  100 Dec 28  2013 .cshrc
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  129 Dec 28  2013 .tcshrc

You can see from above , Every line has 7 Column , Namely ：

1. ** First column ** common 10 position ,

The first 1 Bit for document type ,d Presentation directory ,- Said file ,l Represents a linked file ,c Represents a random access device , Such as U Plate, etc. ,c Indicates a one-time read device , Like a mouse 、 Keyboard, etc .
after 9 position , Corresponding to the permissions of the three identities in sequence ,1-3 position ：owner（ The owner of the document ）、 The first 4-6 position group（ The same group of users of the owner ）、 Chapter 7-9 position ：others（ Other users ）
The order of authority is ： r Representative readable (read)、 w Representative may write (write)、 x Representative executable (execute).
Such as ：-r-xr-x— Means The current document is a file , The owner can read 、 Executable , Users in the same group , Can be read 、 Executable , Other people don't have any authority .

2. Second column Indicates the number of links , Indicates how many files are linked to inode number .
3. The third column Means the owner
4. The fourth column Indicates the group
5. The fifth column Indicates the capacity of the document , Unit byte
6. The sixth column Indicates when the document was last modified , Note that it's not the creation time of the document
7. The seventh column Indicates the document name . With a little (.) The beginning is to hide the document

2.mkdir： Create a new directory

mkdir test： Create folder as test Folder
mkdir test01 test02 test03： Create folders named test01,test02,test03 Folder
mkdir -p： Direct all directories （ Including the upper level directory ） Recursion is created
mkdir -p test04/test04-01/test04-01-01

3.rmdir： Delete empty directory

rmdir test： The name of the deleted folder is test Folder （ Folder content is empty ）
rmdir -p test/test01： Put... Directly test Folder , Contains an empty directory test01 Delete... Together .（test01 If there is a file in it, it cannot be deleted ）

4.cd Toggle directory

（1） Absolute path

Path writing , By root / Write ：cd /root/test1/test2

（2） Relative paths

Click on tab key , Automatically complete the file / Folder name
double-click tab List all files in the current directory , Folder
The path is not written by / Write ： stay root Under the table of contents cd test1/test2 perhaps ./（ Current directory ）
cd ~ Enter the user home directory
cd … Return to upper level
cd …/… Return to superior
cd / Go to the root directory

5.pwd： Displays the absolute path of the current folder

6.vi： Text editor

vi today： open today, If the file does not exist, create a new today

Pattern

（1）Insert Edit mode （ Click on the keyboard insert, perhaps i,a,o） The sign appears in the lower left corner –INSERT–
（2）Esc Command mode （ Click on the keyboard Esc, The sign is in the lower left corner –INSERT– disappear ）
:q： Exit procedure ;:w： Save the file
:wq： Save and exit
:wq！： Forced save exit
:q！： Forced exit
u： Undo the last input
G： Skip to the last line of the text
gg： Skip to the first line of text
？ bcbx： lookup bcbx, Press n It's looking for the next
/ bcbx： lookup bcbx, Press n It's looking for the last
crtl+c： End
ctrl+b： Turn the page up
ctrl+f： Turn the page down
dd： Delete current row （ Cursor in line ）

7.cat： View file contents （ Don't enter the content , Knowledge display content ）（ Show from the first line ）

cat -n sey： Exhibition sey Line number

8.cp： Copy files or directories

cp Source file Under the target file path （ Recommended absolute path ）
cp /root/fuyao /root/modaozushi
cp -r： Recursive continuous replication , For the entire folder replication behavior . Such as ：cp -r Source folder Destination folder ：cp -r /root/day /root/modaozushi
Create copy cp 0001 0002（ Nonexistent file name ）： Created 0001 Copy of 0002（ Nonexistent file name ）

9.rm： Delete files or directories

rm The source file name （ Tips “ Whether or not to delete XX file , This command cannot delete the folder directly ”）
rm -r The source file name ： Delete folder
rm -f ： Force file deletion
rm -rf： Force the deletion of a file or folder

10.mv Move or rename files and folders

mv Source file / Folder Destination folder / file （ If the destination folder / Rename if the file does not exist ）
mv Source file / Folder Destination folder （ Move a file or folder to a folder ）

11.find Find a folder or file under the specified file , And print the absolute path

find route -name“ Folder or file name ”（ Add... To some names *, For wildcard ）
Know the full name ：find / -name “ylem-hadse”
Only the beginning of the name ：find / -name "ylem-h"
Only the end of the name ：find / -name “em-hades"
I don't know the middle part ：find / -name "yledes”
Only know the middle part ：find / -name “em-ha”

12.tar Compress or decompress files

Compress ：tar -cvf Compressed package name （ It is suggested that .tar ending , Easy to identify ） Files you want to compress

tar -cvf ylem.tar /bcbx22/kingrealhart

decompression ：tar -xvf The name of the package （ Unzip the compressed package to the current folder ）

tar -xvf ylem.tar

13.tail Look at the last few lines of the file （ Default 10 That's ok ）

tail file name （ Look at the end of the file 10 That's ok ）
tail -n file name （ Look at the end of the file n That's ok ）
tail -f file name （ Dynamically and continuously view files , Until you press ctrl+c sign out ）

14 echo command

It is used to check the value of environment variables after echoing characters on the display （ Equivalent to printing out print）
echo What needs to be displayed
echo test→test
echo ‘ The contents of the document ’ >> File path ：echo ‘goodman’ >> /root/bcbx22/kingrealheart/hades04/test
echo ‘ The contents of the document ’ > File path ：

15.touch create a file

touch test01： Create a file named test01 The file of
touch test01 test02 test03： Create files named test01 test02 test03 The file of
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