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stay statistical field , Some people divide data analysis into Descriptive statistics analysis 、 Exploratory data analysis and confirmatory data analysis ; among , Exploratory data analysis focuses on finding new features in the data , And confirmatory data analysis focuses on the confirmation or falsification of existing hypotheses . [1] 

Exploratory data analysis

Exploratory data analysis refers to a method of analyzing data in order to form a test worthy of hypothesis , It is a supplement to the traditional statistical hypothesis testing methods . This method was developed by the famous American statistician John · tukey (John Tukey) name . [1] 

Qualitative data analysis

Qualitative data analysis is also called “ Qualitative data analysis ”、“ Qualitative research ” perhaps “ Qualitative research data analysis ”, It refers to words such as 、 Photo 、 Non numerical data such as observations （ Or information ） Analysis of . [1] 

Offline data analysis

Offline data analysis is used for complex and time-consuming data analysis and processing , It is usually built on cloud computing platform , Like open source HDFS File system and MapReduce Operational framework .Hadoop The cluster contains hundreds or even thousands of servers , Number stored PB Even dozens PB The data of , Thousands of offline data analysis jobs are running every day , Each job handles hundreds MB To hundreds TB Even more data , The running time is a few minutes 、 Few hours 、 A few days or even longer . [1] 

Online data analysis

Online data analysis is also known as On line analytical processing , Used to process users' online requests , It requires high response time （ Usually no more than a few seconds ）. Compared with offline data analysis , Online data analysis can process users' requests in real time , Allow users to change the constraints and constraints of analysis at any time . Compared with offline data analysis , The amount of data that online data analysis can process is much smaller , But with the development of Technology , The current online analysis system has been able to process tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of records in real time . The traditional online data analysis system is built on the data warehouse with relational database as the core , The online big data analysis system is built on the cloud computing platform NoSQL On the system . If there is no online analysis and processing of big data , You cannot store and index a large number of Internet pages , There would not be today's efficient search engine , There will be no Weibo based on big data processing 、 Blog 、 The booming development of Social Networks . [4]