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史上最全MongoDB之Mongo Shell使用
2022-07-06 21:33:00 【janyxe】
MongoDB系列文章目录
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前言
本系列课程将带着大家以面试题的方式 深入分布式专题之MongoDB。这篇文章带着大家深入MongoDB Shell使用
Mongo Shell介绍
- MongoDB自带Javascript Shell, 可在Shell中使用命令行与MongoDB实列交互
- Mongo Shell 由Mozilla官方提供的JavaScript内核解释器,内部使用SpiderMonkey
- SpiderMonkey对ECMA Script标准兼容性非常好，支持ES 6(ECMA Script 6)
Mongo Shell启动
Mongo Shell 参数如下
[[email protected] mongodb]# mongo --help
MongoDB shell version v4.4.14
usage: mongo [options] [db address] [file names (ending in .js)]
db address can be:
foo foo database on local machine
192.168.0.5/foo foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine
192.168.0.5:9999/foo foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine on port 9999
mongodb://192.168.0.5:9999/foo connection string URI can also be used
Options:
--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by
default)
--host arg server to connect to
--port arg port to connect to
-h [ --help ] show this usage information
--version show version information
--verbose increase verbosity
--shell run the shell after executing files
--nodb don't connect to mongod on startup - no 'db address' arg expected --norc will not run the ".mongorc.js" file on start up --quiet be less chatty --eval arg evaluate javascript --disableJavaScriptJIT disable the Javascript Just In Time compiler --enableJavaScriptJIT enable the Javascript Just In Time compiler --disableJavaScriptProtection allow automatic JavaScript function marshalling --retryWrites automatically retry write operations upon transient network errors --disableImplicitSessions do not automatically create and use implicit sessions --jsHeapLimitMB arg set the js scope's heap size limit
--idleSessionTimeout arg (=0) Terminate the Shell session if it's been
idle for this many seconds
FLE AWS Options:
--awsAccessKeyId arg AWS Access Key for FLE Amazon KMS
--awsSecretAccessKey arg AWS Secret Key for FLE Amazon KMS
--awsSessionToken arg Optional AWS Session Token ID
--keyVaultNamespace arg database.collection to store encrypted
FLE parameters
--kmsURL arg Test parameter to override the URL for
KMS
AWS IAM Options:
--awsIamSessionToken arg AWS Session Token for temporary
credentials
TLS Options:
--tls use TLS for all connections
--tlsCertificateKeyFile arg PEM certificate/key file for TLS
--tlsCertificateKeyFilePassword arg Password for key in PEM file for TLS
--tlsCAFile arg Certificate Authority file for TLS
--tlsCRLFile arg Certificate Revocation List file for TLS
--tlsAllowInvalidHostnames Allow connections to servers with
non-matching hostnames
--tlsAllowInvalidCertificates Allow connections to servers with
invalid certificates
--tlsFIPSMode Activate FIPS 140-2 mode at startup
--tlsDisabledProtocols arg Comma separated list of TLS protocols to
disable [TLS1_0,TLS1_1,TLS1_2]
Authentication Options:
-u [ --username ] arg username for authentication
-p [ --password ] arg password for authentication
--authenticationDatabase arg user source (defaults to dbname)
--authenticationMechanism arg authentication mechanism
--gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb) Service name to use when authenticating
using GSSAPI/Kerberos
--gssapiHostName arg Remote host name to use for purpose of
GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
file names: a list of files to run. files have to end in .js and will exit after unless --shell is specified
[[email protected] mongodb]#
可选参数如下
mongo -u <user> -p <pass> --host <host> --port <port>
| 参数 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| –port | 端口号, 未指定为默认端口 27017 |
| -u / -username | 用户名 |
| -p / -password | 密码 |
| -authenticationDatabase | 认证数据库 |
本地客户端可直接mongo 启动
[[email protected] mongodb]# mongo
Mongo Shell 常用命令
数据库常用命令
show dbs / show databases 命令
概念
显示数据库列表
命令应用
> show dbs;
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
use 数据库名 命令
概念
切换数据库，数据库不存在时会自动创建
命令应用
> show dbs;
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
db.dropDatabase() 命令
概念
删除集合
命令应用
> db.emp.drop()
true
> show collections
集合常见操作
show collections / show tables 查看集合命令
概念
查询当前数据库的集合列表数据
命令应用
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
> use test
switched to db test
> db.emp.insert({
i:1})
WriteResult({
"nInserted" : 1 })
> show collections
emp
db.collections(集合名).stats() 查看集合详情命令
概念
查看集合详情
命令应用
> db.emp.stats()
{
"ns" : "test.emp",
"size" : 33,
"count" : 1,
"avgObjSize" : 33,
"storageSize" : 20480,
"freeStorageSize" : 0,
"capped" : false,
"wiredTiger" : {
"metadata" : {
"formatVersion" : 1
},
...
"scaleFactor" : 1,
"ok" : 1
}
db.collections(集合名).drop() 删除集合 命令
概念
删除集合
命令应用
> db.emp.drop()
true
> show collections
用户角色命令
show roles 查看角色列表命令
概念
查看角色列表
命令应用
> show roles
{
"role" : "dbAdmin",
"db" : "test",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "dbOwner",
"db" : "test",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "enableSharding",
"db" : "test",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "test",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
"role" : "userAdmin",
"db" : "test",
"isBuiltin" : true,
"roles" : [ ],
"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
db.createUser(用户信息) 创建用户 命令
概念
创建用户
命令格式
db.createUser({user:“用户名”,pwd:“名称”,roles:[“角色”]})
| 命令参数 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| user | 用户名称 |
| pwd | 密码 |
| roles | 角色列表 |
命令应用
创建test库，并指定test库的管理员
> use test
switched to db test
> dn.createUser({
user:"test",pwd:"test",roles:['dbOwner']})
uncaught exception: ReferenceError: dn is not defined :
@(shell):1:1
> use test
switched to db test
> db.createUser({
user:"test",pwd:"test",roles:['dbOwner']})
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "test", "roles" : [ "dbOwner" ] }
> show users
{
"_id" : "test.test",
"userId" : UUID("d9be5de9-8c28-4b2b-8d88-530be7846b14"),
"user" : "test",
"db" : "test",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "dbOwner",
"db" : "test"
}
],
"mechanisms" : [
"SCRAM-SHA-1",
"SCRAM-SHA-256"
]
}
>
db.dropUser(用户名称) 删除用户 命令
概念
创建用户
命令格式
db.dropUser(“用户名”)
命令应用
db.dropUser(“test”)
> use test
switched to db test
> dn.createUser({
user:"test",pwd:"test",roles:['dbOwner']})
uncaught exception: ReferenceError: dn is not defined :
@(shell):1:1
> use test
switched to db test
> db.createUser({
user:"test",pwd:"test",roles:['dbOwner']})
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "test", "roles" : [ "dbOwner" ] }
> show users
{
"_id" : "test.test",
"userId" : UUID("d9be5de9-8c28-4b2b-8d88-530be7846b14"),
"user" : "test",
"db" : "test",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "dbOwner",
"db" : "test"
}
],
"mechanisms" : [
"SCRAM-SHA-1",
"SCRAM-SHA-256"
]
}
>
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