Nmap: network detection tool and security / port scanner

One 、 grammar

[email protected]:~$ nmap -help
Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org )
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {
    target specification}
TARGET SPECIFICATION:
  Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.
  Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254
  -iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks
  -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets
  --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks
  --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file
HOST DISCOVERY:
  -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan
  -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan
  -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
  -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports
  -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
  -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
  -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
  --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
  --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host SCAN TECHNIQUES: -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans -sU: UDP Scan -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans -sO: IP protocol scan -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER: -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9 --exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
  --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports
  --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:
  -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info
  --version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)
  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)
  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)
  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)
SCRIPT SCAN:
  -sC: equivalent to --script=default
  --script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of
           directories, script-files or script-categories
  --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
  --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received
  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.
  --script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
           <Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or
           script-categories.
OS DETECTION:
  -O: Enable OS detection
  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:
  Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),
  's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).
  -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)
  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies
      probe round trip time.
  --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
  --host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
  --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
  --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:
  -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)
  -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
  -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address
  -e <iface>: Use specified interface
  -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number
  --proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
  --data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets
  --data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets
  --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets
  --ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
  --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
  --spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum
OUTPUT:
  -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
     and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.
  -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once
  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received
  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)
  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files
  --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan
  --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output
MISC:
  -6: Enable IPv6 scanning
  -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
  --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
  -V: Print version number
  -h: Print this help summary page.
EXAMPLES:
  nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
  nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
  nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80
SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES
[email protected]:~$ 

Two 、 Parameter description

1、 usage

nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {
    target specification}

2、TARGET SPECIFICATION

You can pass the host name ,IP Address , Network, etc .

Parameters	explain
Ex
-iL < inputfilename >	From the host / Input of network list
-iR < num hosts >	Choose random targets
–exclude <host1[,host2] [,host3],…>	Exclude the host / The Internet
–excludefile < exclude_file >	Exclude list from file

3、HOST DISCOVERY

Parameters	explain
-sL	Just list the targets to scan
-sn	Disable port scanning
-Pn	Treat all hosts as online – Skip host discovery
-PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]	TCP SYN/ACK、UDP or SCTP Found the given port
-PE/PP/PM	ICMP The echo 、 Timestamp and netmask request discovery probe
-PO[protocol list]	IP agreement Ping
-n/-R	Never execute DNS analysis / Always parse [ Default ： Sometimes ]
–dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],…>	Specify custom DNS The server
–system-dns	Using the operating system DNS Parser
–traceroute	Track the hop path to each host

4、SCAN TECHNIQUES

Parameters	explain
-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM	TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scanning
-sU	UDP scanning
-sN/sF/sX	TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scanning
–scanflags < flags >	Customize TCP Scan flag
-sI <zombie host[:probeport]>	Idle scanning
-sY/sZ	SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scanning
-sO	IP Protocol scan
-b < FTP relay host >	FTP Bounce scan

5、PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER

Parameters	explain
-p < port ranges >	Scan only the specified ports
–exclude-ports < port ranges >	Exclude the specified port from the scan
-F	Fast mode - The number of ports scanned is less than the default scanning
-r	Continuous scan port - Don't randomize
–top-ports < number >	scanning < number > The most common port
–port-ratio < ratio >	Scan port ratio < ratio >

6、SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION

Parameters	explain
-sV	Probe the open port to determine the service / Version information
–version-intensity < level >	from 0（ light colour ） Set to 9（ Try all probes ）
–version-light	Limit to the most likely probe （ Strength 2）
–version-all	Try every probe ( Strength 9)
–version-trace	Displays detailed version scan activity （ For debugging ）

7、SCRIPT SCAN

Parameters	explain
-sC	Equivalent to --script=default
–script=< Lua scripts >	< Lua scripts > Are comma separated directories 、 List of script files or script categories
–script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,…]>	Provide parameters for the script
–script-args-file=filename	Provide... In the document NSE Script parameters
–script-trace	Display all data sent and received
–script-updatedb	Update script database .
–script-help=< Lua scripts >	Show help on scripts .

8、OS DETECTION

Parameters	explain
-O	Enable operating system detection
–osscan-limit	Limit operating system detection to promising targets
–osscan-guess	Guess more actively about the operating system

9、TIMING AND PERFORMANCE

Selected options < time > In seconds , Or will "ms"（ millisecond ）、“s”（ second ）、“m”（ minute ） or "h"（ Hours ） Attach to value （ for example 30m） in .

Parameters	explain
-T< 0-5 >	Set the timing template （ The higher, the faster ）
–min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup < size >	Parallel host scan group size
–min-parallelism/max-parallelism < numprobes >	Probe parallelization
–min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout < time >	Specify probe round trip time .
–max-retries < tries >	The upper limit number of port scan probe retransmissions .
–host-timeout < time >	Give up your goal after such a long time
–scan-delay/–max-scan-delay < time >	Adjust the delay between probes
–min-rate < number >	The sending speed is not lower than < number > Packets per second
–max-rate < number >	The speed of sending packets should not exceed < number > Per second

10、FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING

Parameters	explain
-f; --mtu < val >	Fragmented packet ( Optional MTU)
-D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],…>	Cover the scan with bait
-S < IP_Address >	Spoofing source address
-e < iface >	Use the specified interface
-g/–source-port < portnum >	Use the given port number
–proxies <url1,[url2],…>	adopt HTTP/SOCKS4 The agent makes relay connection
–data < hex string >	Attach the custom payload to the sent packet
–data-string < string >	Will customize ASCII The string is appended to the sent packet
–data-length < num >	Attach random data to the sent packet
–ip-options < options >	Send with specified IP Option packet
–ttl < val >	Set up IP Time to live field
–spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>	Deceive your MAC Address
–badsum	Using fake TCP/UDP/SCTP Check and send packets

11、OUTPUT

Parameters	explain
-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG < file >	Scan as normal 、XML、s|<rIpt kIddi3 and Grepable Format output to the given file name .
-oA < basename >	Output in three main formats at the same time
-v	Increase the level of detail （ Use -vv Or more for greater effect ）
-d	Improve debugging level （ Use -dd Or more for greater effect ）
–reason	Shows why the port is in a particular state
–open	Only show open （ Or maybe open ） The port of
–packet-trace	Displays all packets sent and received
–iflist	Print host interface and routing （ For debugging ）
–append-output	Append to the specified output file instead of blocking the specified output file
–resume < filename >	Resume aborted scan
–stylesheet <path/URL>	Is used to XML The output is converted to HTML Of XSL Style sheets
–webxml	quote Nmap.Org The style sheet of , For more portable XML
–no-stylesheet	Prevent association with XML Output XSL Style sheets

12、MISC

Parameters	explain
-6	Enable IPv6 scanning
-A	Enable operating system detection 、 Version checking 、 Scripts scan and track routes
–datadir < dirname >	Specify custom Nmap Data file location
–send-eth/–send-ip	Use the original Ethernet frame or IP Packet sending
–privileged	Assume that the user has full privileges
–unprivileged	Assume that the user lacks raw socket permissions
-V	Print version number
-h	Print this help summary page .

13、EXAMPLES

nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org
nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8
nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80

3、 ... and 、man nmap

To be completed