An article will give you a comprehensive understanding of the internal and external components of "computer"

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Catalog

1. Computer composition

2. CPU

2.1 production CPU manufacturer

2.2 Intel Processor model

2.3 AMD processor

3. Memory module

4. Hard disk

5. The graphics card

6. Sound card

7. network card

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1. Computer composition

Computer appearance ： Monitor 、 host 、 mouse 、 Keyboard, etc .

Inside the computer ：CPU、 Memory module 、 Hard disk 、 The graphics card 、 Sound card 、 network card 、 Power Supply 、 a main board 、 Cooling fan .

Next, I will choose several of them to introduce .

2. CPU

CPU namely a central processor , The computing and control cores of a computer . Its function is mainly to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software .CPU from Arithmetic unit 、 controller 、 register 、 Cache And the data that links them 、 The bus structure of control and state . As the core of the whole system ,CPU It is also the highest execution unit of the whole system , therefore CPU It has become the core component of computer performance , Many users use it as a standard to judge the grade of the computer .

2.1 production CPU manufacturer

（1） Intel

Intel is the world's largest manufacturer of semiconductor chips , It was founded on 1968 year , have 44 Years of product innovation and market leadership .1971 year , Intel introduced the world's first microprocessor . The revolution of computer and Internet brought by microprocessor , Changed the whole world .

（2）AMD

AMD The company specializes in computers 、 The communications and consumer electronics industry designs and manufactures innovative microprocessors （CPU、GPU、APU、 Motherboard chipset 、 TV card chip, etc )、 Flash memory and low power processor solutions ,AMD Committed to serving technical users —— From the enterprise 、 Government agencies to individual consumers —— Provide standards based services 、 Customer centric solutions .AMD It is the only one in the industry that can provide high performance CPU、 High performance independent graphics card GPU、 Semiconductor company with three components of motherboard chipset , In order to clarify its advantages ,AMD Put forward 3A The new logo of the platform , In the field of notebook, there are “AMD VISION” The sign indicates that the computer adopts 3A Construction plan .AMD There are more than 70% All revenue comes from the international market , It is a real multinational company .

（3） Other

Cyrix、IBM company 、 Domestic Godson 、VIA China via

2.2 Intel Processor model

Intel processors ： Galloping 、 Cy young 、 core 、 To the strong . Pentium and Celeron series are positioned at the low end , Core series is subdivided into core i3、i5、i7、 as well as i9. Represent the middle end 、 Medium and high end 、 High-end . Xeon series is mainly used for server processors .

Distinguish according to the positioning of performance ： Usually divided into i3、i5、i7、 as well as i9, Corresponding to the middle and low end 、 Medium and high end 、 High end and super high end . Letter i Intel (intel) The company's CPU, Generally speaking i The larger the number behind , The better the performance , But not absolutely , It should also be considered comprehensively in combination with the following figures .

i The first number after a few , The representative is the generation CPU, from 2 Instead of 9 generation , Every generation will have more new technologies , Generally speaking, the larger the number , The better the performance .

The second and third digits On behalf of CPU The intensity of , In the same generation CPU in , The larger the second and third digits , Represents the greater the strength , The better the performance .

The last digit is related to the production code , No performance impact . Generally, you can still see , These four digits are followed by a suffix , Usually one or two letters or a combination of numbers and letters , Used to distinguish the type or version of the processor .

Intel Table of desktop processor specifications Intel Table of desktop processor specifications https://www.mydrivers.com/zhuanti/tianti/cpu/index_intel.html

Without the suffix ： Express CPU Frequency locked , That is, its maximum frequency has been fixed , The performance is also relatively stable .

K： Express CPU No frequency lock , It can be done to CPU Overclocking operation , Give play to its higher performance .

S： Indicates a low voltage desktop processor .

T： Represents a desktop processor with ultra-low voltage .

P： Indicates a desktop processor with core display shielded .

F： Indicates a desktop processor without core display .

X： Represents the highest performance desktop processor .

M： Notebook dual core processor representing standard voltage , Removable .

QM： Notebook quad core processor representing standard voltage , Removable .

U： Indicates a low voltage notebook processor , Removable .

Y： Indicates a notebook processor with ultra-low voltage , And cannot be disassembled .

XM： Represents the highest performance notebook processor , Removable .

H： Indicates a high voltage processor , And cannot be disassembled .

HQ： Indicates high voltage notebook quad core processor , Removable

give an example ：

Intel SupportIntel Customer Support home pagehttps://www.intel.cn/content/www/cn/zh/support.html（1） Compare intel i7-7500u and i5-8300h

As can be seen from the table ：i7-7500u Number of cores 2、 Maximum turbo The frequency is 3.5hz、 Basic frequency of processor 2.7ghz.

2.3 AMD processor

https://www.amd.com/zh-hans/products/specifications/processors/15981+9966+16021+16026+15996+3146+3156+7761+15431+15426https://www.amd.com/zh-hans/products/specifications/processors/15981+9966+16021+16026+15996+3146+3156+7761+15431+15426AMD I like to use “ dragon ”, At present, a total of eight dragons have been released ： Velociraptor 、 Drill Dragon （ Poisonous Dragon ）、 Opteron 、 Flash Dragon 、 Turion 、 Phenom 、 Sharp dragon 、 Xiaolong .

Velociraptor （Athlon）： Velociraptor should be AMD The oldest and longest lived CPU 了 , At the beginning, as a high-end , It is still used as a starter ,K7 Time is called Athlon XP,K8 It's called speed dragon 64, Dual core band X2, here we are K10 There are also quad core versions , The first in the world 1GHz The processor of is also from speeddragon . It can be said that the speed dragon is AMD Lay down CPU The market has made great contributions , Today, we are still fighting CPU The front line of the market , Give Velociraptor a compliment . In addition, its mobile version is called Mobile Athlon.

• Sharp dragon （Ryzen）

AMD Ryzen yes AMD Develop and market x86 Microprocessor brand ,AMD Zen One of micro architecture microprocessor products ,e799bee5baa6e58685e5aeb931333365646331 On 2017 year 3 Listed and sold in January .「Ryzen」 Brand in 2016 year 12 month 13 Japan AMD Of New Horizon At the summit . In Chinese, 「 Sharp dragon 」.2017 year 2 month 22 Announced Wednesday 「Summit Ridge」 The processor core uses Ryzen brand , Replace the old AMD FX series .

• AMD FX

AMD FX yes AMD Developed x86 Desktop processor , yes Bulldozer One of the official products of microarchitecture , On 2011 year 9 month 19 Official listing .2017 Year by year AMD Zen Micro architecture AMD Ryzen Series replacement . Originally AMD FX Undertake the mission of competing with core series , But the result is not ideal .Ryzen3 Pre IPO ,FX Continue and Core i3 competition , about i5 and i7,FX Our competitiveness is weak .

• Accelerated Processing Unit（APU）

（APU） Formerly known as Fusion , Is from AMD A series of 64 Marketing terms for bit microprocessors , This series integrates CPU and GPU.AMD On 2011 year 1 Announced the launch of the first generation APU,Sony PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Xbox One The eighth generation of video game consoles all use semi customized third-generation low-power APU.AMD APU And Intel's integrated HD graphics card CPU Very similar in architecture , but APU Its cost performance is far higher than that of Intel's similar products .

3. Memory module

Random access memory （ English ：Random Access Memory, abbreviation ：RAM）, Also called main memory , Is with the CPU Internal storage for direct exchange of data . It can read and write at any time （ Except for refresh ）, And very fast , Usually as operating system Or a temporary data storage medium for other running programs .RAM Write from any specified address at any time when working （ Deposit in ） Or read out （ Take out ） Information . It is associated with ROM The biggest difference is the volatility of data , That is, once the power is cut off, the data stored will be lost .RAM Used in computers and digital systems to temporarily store programs 、 Data and intermediate results .

If the above situation occurs on your computer ,CPU The proportion is very small , Memory has occupied more than 80 了 , This indicates that the computer memory is too small , You can choose to add memory modules .（ Next, take my computer as an example ）

（1） Observe whether to replace the memory module or install the memory module

You can find that there are two memory sockets , Now we have used one . Spare one , You can install one .

（2） Select memory module

Check the type of computer socket .

open CPU-Z（ You can download it on the official website ）CPU-Z | Softwares | CPUIDhttps://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//www.cpuid.com/softwares/cpu-z.html

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You can choose a memory module that is consistent with the original computer memory module . Form two channels .（ Suggest ）

4. Hard disk

Hard disk can be basically divided into solid state disk （SSD）、 Mechanical drive （HDD）、 Hybrid drive （SSHD）

Solid state disk ： It is an array storage composed of multiple flash memory chips, master control and cache , It belongs to the hard disk made of solid state electronic memory chip array . It is composed of control unit and storage sheet , The specification and definition of the interface of SSD 、 It has the same function and usage as ordinary hard disk , Product shape and size with ordinary hard disk no difference .

There are two kinds of storage media for solid state drives , One is to use flash memory （FLASH chip ） As a storage medium , The other is to use DRAM As a storage medium , It's widely used in the military 、 vehicle 、 Industrial control 、 Video surveillance 、 network monitoring 、 Network terminal, etc .

Mechanical drive ： Mechanical drive (HDD) It's a traditional hard disk , It is one of the main storage media of computer . A magnetic disc made of one or more aluminum or glass , head , Rotating shaft , Control motor , Head controller , Data converter , The interface and cache are composed of several parts . Working hours , The magnetic head is suspended on a high-speed rotating disc to read and write data . Mechanical hard disk is a collection of precision machinery 、 Microelectronic circuits 、 Electromagnetic conversion into an integrated computer storage device .

Hybrid drive ： Hybrid drive （SSHD） It is a combination of mechanical hard disk and solid-state hard disk , Small flash memory particles are used to store commonly used files , And disk is the most important storage medium , Flash memory only serves as a buffer , Save more common files to flash memory to reduce seek time , So as to improve efficiency .

SSD Namely Solid state disk , Its advantage is fast , Daily reading and writing ratio Mechanical drive Dozens of times faster, hundreds of times faster . The disadvantage is the high unit cost , Not suitable for mass storage .

HDD Namely Mechanical drive , Its advantage is low unit cost , Suitable for mass storage , But it's not as fast as SSD.

5. The graphics card

Graphics card is also called Display card ( Video card), Is a very important part of computer , Undertake the task of outputting display graphics , For those who like to play games and engage in professional graphic design , Graphics cards are very important . The display chip of mainstream graphics card mainly consists of NVIDIA（ Ying Wei Da ） and AMD（ Ultramicro semiconductors ） Two big manufacturers make , It is usually used NVIDIA The display chip's graphics card is called N card , And will use AMD The display chip's graphics card is called A card .

Graphics card as an important part of the host computer , It's a computer device for digital to analog signal conversion , Undertake the task of outputting display graphics . The graphics card is connected to the main board of the computer , It converts the digital signal of the computer into an analog signal for display , At the same time, the graphics card still has the ability of image processing , Can help CPU Work , Improve the overall running speed .

Almost all computers now have more than two graphics cards , There is a core graphics card 、 Independent graphics card .

The graphics card is ：Intel（R）HD Graphics 620

6. Sound card

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7. network card

A network card is a piece designed to allow computers to operate in computer network To communicate on computer hardware . Because it has MAC Address , Therefore, it belongs to OSI Model Of the 2 layer . It allows users to connect to each other by cable or wireless . Every network card has one called MAC Address Unique 48 Bit string line number , It's written on a piece of the card ROM in . Every computer on the network must have a unique MAC Address .