Role movement in the first person perspective

The role movement of the first person perspective

One 、 Material download

1、 In the resource store , Search the name to download ：Low-Poly Simple Nature Pack.

2、 After downloading , Import all directly .

Two 、 Scenario deployment

1、 open Demo scene , use Demo Scene to practice .

2、 Right click to create an empty object , Rename it to Environment.

3、 Select all objects except the camera , Drag in Environment in , Easy to manage , Fold it up .

4、 Create a new capsule , Rename it to Player. Use it as our controlling role .

5、 Reset Transform Location .

6、 A little adjustment Player Location , Don't let it get stuck in the ground . then Cameras Move to Player in , As a child object . Reset Cameras Of Transform.

7、 Scenario deployment completed , Next is the code time .

3、 ... and 、 Finalize the code

（ One ） by Camaras Add a script

1、 New folder , rename Scripts, Store scripts .

2、 newly build CameraController Script , Control the camera . take CameraController Drag script to Cameras in .

3、 Double click to open the script .
（1） Define two first float Variable of type , To get the value of mouse movement .

private float mouseX, mouseY;  // Get the value of mouse movement 

（2） You can add a sensitivity to the mouse , Used to control the speed of mouse movement .

public float mouseSensitivity;  // Mouse sensitivity 

（3） stay Update In the method , Use... In the input system GetAxis Method to get the value of mouse movement , Multiply by mouse sensitivity , Multiplied by Time.deltaTime. The value of moving the mouse left and right is thus obtained .

private void Update()
{
    
    mouseX = Input.GetAxis("Mouse X") * mouseSensitivity * Time.deltaTime;
    mouseY = Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * mouseSensitivity * Time.deltaTime;
}

（4） By controlling Player The way to rotate , To control the camera angle to move left and right , So you need a Player Of Transform.

public Transform player;

（5） go back to Update In the method , Use Transform Of Rotate() Method to rotate Player. This method has 6 Refactoring , We just need to fill in one Vector3 The value of . We need to control Player Of Y Shaft rotation , To make it rotate left and right .

player.Rotate(Vector3.up * mouseX);

（6） Next we have to rotate the camera , Use transform.localRotation Methods , Let the camera rotate up and down . Use localRotation Can not be affected by the rotation of the parent object . because localRotation Attribute , So we have to assign a value to it . Make it equal to Quaternion.Euler,Euler Three values need to be passed in the method , Fill in here -mouseY,0,0.

transform.localRotation = Quaternion.Euler(-mouseY, 0, 0);

（7） go back to Unity3D in , Set the value to be set to .

（8） The runtime found a problem , When moving the mouse up and down , The perspective is card by card , And cannot move . Where is the problem ？ The problem is ：Y The shaft GetAxis Method , Returns the -1 To 1 The floating point number between , When the mouse moves , The value will change with the direction , When the mouse is not moving , The value will rebound to 0. So we will see the problem just now . We just need to declare one float Variables to accumulate mouseY That's all right. .

public float xRotation;

（9） stay Update Write in ：xRotation -= mouseY;, Then put the following -mouseY Change it to xRotation .

（10） Back to Unity3D Run it , Will find ： Players will rotate the angle of view up and down without limit . occasionally , We need to make some restrictions , Not to make players present a strange state , Come back to the code again . We need to xRotation The value of is limited to a range , So we can use mathematical functions Mathf.Clamp() To limit ,Clamp Three values need to be filled in the method ： The first is the variables that need to be restricted , The second is the minimum of the limit , The third is the maximum value of the limit .

xRotation -= mouseY;
xRotation = Mathf.Clamp(xRotation, -70f, 70f);

（11） Final CameraController The script code is as follows .

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class CameraController : MonoBehaviour
{
    
    public Transform player;
    private float mouseX, mouseY;  // Get the value of mouse movement 
    public float mouseSensitivity;  // Mouse sensitivity 
    public float xRotation;
    private void Update()
    {
    
        mouseX = Input.GetAxis("Mouse X") * mouseSensitivity * Time.deltaTime;
        mouseY = Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y") * mouseSensitivity * Time.deltaTime;

        xRotation -= mouseY;
        xRotation = Mathf.Clamp(xRotation, -70f, 70f);

        player.Rotate(Vector3.up * mouseX);
        transform.localRotation = Quaternion.Euler(xRotation, 0, 0);
    }
}

（ Two ） by Player Add a script

1、 newly build PlayerController Script , Used to control players' actions .
2、 take PlayerController Added to the Player In the object ; Delete capsule controller ; Add role controller , It has its own collision body and rigid body .


3、 Double click to open the code .
（1） First you need to get Player Of CharacterController Components .

private CharacterController cc;

（2） Definition Player Moving speed and jumping speed .

public float moveSpeed;
public float jumpSpeed;

（3） Define two variables to get the key value .

private float horizontalMove, verticalMove;

（4） Define 3D variables dir Control direction .

private Vector3 dir;

（5） stay Start() Use in a function GetComponent Methods to get CharacterController.

cc = GetComponent<CharacterController>();

（6） stay Update Use... In the same way Input.GetAxis() Method to get the value of the key .dir Store the direction of movement . Next use CharacterController Medium Move() Method to move Player.

horizontalMove = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * moveSpeed;
verticalMove = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * moveSpeed;
dir = transform.forward * verticalMove + transform.right * horizontalMove;
cc.Move(dir * Time.deltaTime);

（7） go back to Unity3D, Assign a value to the variable just defined .

（8） Click on the run , Now you can move . take Player Move into the air , It didn't fall , Obviously, there is a lack of gravity ,CharacterController It's without an object engine , So we have to write a gravity for it manually .

（9） Back in the code , Define two variables , One is gravity , One is speed .

public float gravity;
private Vector3 velocity;  // Used to control Y Axial acceleration 

（10） stay Update in ,velocity.y -= gravity * Time.deltaTime;, In this way, the value of subtracting gravity from it decreases every second . Reuse Move() Method to move Y Axis .

velocity.y -= gravity * Time.deltaTime;  // Every second it subtracts the value of gravity and keeps falling 
cc.Move(velocity * Time.deltaTime);

（11） go back to Unity3D in , take Player Improve the position of , Click Run to see the effect . A problem has been identified ： At first, it can fall smoothly , After a while, I will be unable to lift it card by card ？ We mouse on Inspector On the text of the view , Right click Debug.

Hereunder , We can see the definition just now velocity Of y The value is decreasing , That's the problem . Want to make it no longer reduce after landing , We need to go back to the code .（ Gravity is manually set to 9.8）

（12） We just need to test Player It's ok if it's on the ground , Here you can use Physics Medium CheckSphere() Method . The description of this method is ： If the defined sphere collides with an object , Return to true . So in order to use this method , We need to define several variables .

public Transform groundCheck;  // The central position of the detection point 
public float checkRadius;  // Radius of detection point 
public LayerMask groundLayer;  // Detected layer 
public bool isGround;  // Boolean value to store Physics.CheckSphere The return value of 

go back to Update In the method , Write code at the beginning ：

isGround = Physics.CheckSphere(groundCheck.position, checkRadius, groundLayer);
if (isGround && velocity.y < 0)
{
    
    velocity.y = -3f;  // Less than 0 The number next to it is ok 
}

（13） go back to Unity3D, Assign a value to the variable just set .
stay Player Next, create an empty object , Rename it to GroundCheck

Then drag it to Player The position at the bottom , The bottom position detects whether it touches the ground

then GroundCheck Drag in , Set the radius 0.4

also Ground Layer, You can click Layer layer ,Add Layer…, Add one yourself Ground Layer is OK . take Ground Layer It is amended as follows Ground.


（14） take Environment Of Layer Layer changed to Ground, And then a dialog box pops up , Direct point Yes,change children, Its child objects will be applied Ground Layer.


（15） function , Free fall has been solved . Now there are still jumping functions left to be realized .

（16） Back in the code . We need to get the event of the jump button , So we use Input In the system GetButtonDown() Method , It will return a Boolean value , When pressed （ Key ） Will return true , The value Jump It can also be in InputManager View in . When the jump key is pressed , take velocity.y = jumpSpeed, In this way, there will be an upward speed in an instant , In the process, it will also fall slowly with gravity .

if (Input.GetButtonDown("Jump") && isGround)
{
    
    velocity.y = jumpSpeed;
}

（17） Final PlayerController The script code is as follows .

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour
{
    
    private CharacterController cc;
    public float moveSpeed;
    public float jumpSpeed;
    private float horizontalMove, verticalMove;
    private Vector3 dir;
    public float gravity;
    private Vector3 velocity;  // Used to control Y Axial acceleration 

    public Transform groundCheck;  // The central position of the detection point 
    public float checkRadius;  // Radius of detection point 
    public LayerMask groundLayer;  // Detected layer 
    public bool isGround;  // Boolean value to store Physics.CheckSphere The return value of 
    private void Start()
    {
    
        cc = GetComponent<CharacterController>();
    }
    private void Update()
    {
    
        isGround = Physics.CheckSphere(groundCheck.position, checkRadius, groundLayer);
        if (isGround && velocity.y < 0)
        {
    
            velocity.y = -3f;  // Less than 0 The number next to it is ok 
        }
        horizontalMove = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * moveSpeed;
        verticalMove = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * moveSpeed;

        dir = transform.forward * verticalMove + transform.right * horizontalMove;
        cc.Move(dir * Time.deltaTime);

        if (Input.GetButtonDown("Jump") && isGround)
        {
    
            velocity.y = jumpSpeed;
        }

        velocity.y -= gravity * Time.deltaTime;  // Every second it subtracts the value of gravity and keeps falling 
        cc.Move(velocity * Time.deltaTime);
    }
}

Four 、 To complete the effect