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See how Tencent does interface automation testing

2022-07-04 20:42:00 【Xiaowu knock code】

One 、 Automated classification

（1） Interface automation

python/java+requests+unittest Framework to implement python/java+RF（RobotFramework） Framework to implement —— The programming requirements are not high

（2）Web UI Function automation

python/java+selenium+unittest+ddt+PO Framework to implement python/java+RFS（RobotFrameWork+Selenium） Framework to implement —— The programming requirements are not high

（3）App automation

python/java+appnium+unittes Framework to implement python/java+RF（RobotFramework） Framework to implement —— The programming requirements are not high

Two 、 Interface automation and Web The difference between Automation

（1） Interface automation has no interface , There is no need to locate the interface elements , There is no need to consider the problem of interface delay , More efficient execution （2） Interface automation uses requests Test library ,Web For automation selenium Test library （3） The coverage of interface automation can reach 100%( Most interfaces can be automated ) Web The coverage of automation can reach 80-90% count OK（ There may be some functions that cannot be automated ）

3、 ... and 、 How to do interface automation

1、 technological process

A. Determine the scope of business , Which business function interfaces can be automated —— The coverage of interface automation can reach 100%

B. Time schedule , personnel allotment

C. Determine the automated test framework

D. Prepare the data —— Prepare interface use case data

E. Writing interface automation scripts

2、 Build interface automation test environment

(1)、 install python3.x—— To configure python Environment variables of

(2)、 install PyCharm——python development tool

(3)、 Install test library Requests library —— Provides a wealth of for sending requests , Processing requests API function xlrd,xlwt library —— Provide for the right to Excel File operation API function Pymysql library —— Provide for the right to Mysql Database operation API function paramsunittest library —— Realize parameterized Library Json library —— Provide for the right to Json Format data for operation API function （python Its own basic library ） Re library —— You can use API Function pair HMTL Data operation

3、 Prepare the data —— Prepare interface use case data

We put the interface use case data in Excel In the table , Because every interface contains ： Request address , Request mode , Request parameters , And the response data ; So in Excel The table organizes our interface use case data in the following way , It includes the following contents ： Use case name , Request address , Request mode , Request header , Request parameters , Expected results （ Assertion ） Then we will package a function to read Excel data , Pass it to the script in the form of parameters , The specific operation steps are as follows ：

4、 Write automated test scripts

1、 step ：
    A、 Guide pack 
import requests
    B、 Organization request parameters 
url = ‘http://localhost/fw/index.php?ctl=user&act=dologin&fhash=hbUjHVrQIgHkwdMdNGnPrSiIkVBeWcrOvJpmsXgyNuMewKfKGy’
par = {
       
         ‘email’: ‘Jason’,   
         ‘user_pwd’: ‘TWlKaGRrRFJrQXJZZlFXYkh5WlNQZ2tpZkFZQlVlUUhyRE5SdndSUGdKanFDTG1LYUYlMjV1NjVCOSUyNXU3RUY0emdwMTIzNDU2JTI1dThGNkYlMjV1NEVGNg==‘,    
        ‘auto_login’: 0,   
        ‘ajax’: 1
}
    C、 Send a request 
res = requests.post(url, data=par)
res = requests.get(url,params=par)
    D、 Extract the data in the response object , And make assertions 
1、 Extract response *body* Content **
     res.text     ——  If you return html Formatted data , Use res.text extract ` res.json() ——  If the background returns json Formatted data , Use this API Function to extract `
2、 Extract the response header ***
     res.headers
3、 Extract the status code , Response information 
     res.status_code
     res.reason
4、 extract cookie value 
     res.cookies()
2、 Pass request header 
header = {
    
    ‘User-Agent’: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:67.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/67.0’,
    ‘Accept’: ‘application/xml’,
}
res = requests.post(url,data=par,headers=header)    
3、 Pass on cookie,token value 
     Pass through the request header  ——  View directly from the browser cookie value , And deliver it to the background .
header = {
    
    ‘Cookie’: ‘PHPSESSID=3724b412550a557825da5528dd6198c6’                  
}
res = requests.post(url,data=par,***headers=heade***r,allow_redirects=False) 
     Pass the request cookies This parameter is passed 
import requests
#1.  Sign in , obtain cookie value 
def getCookie():
    url = ‘http://localhost/fw/index.php?ctl=user&act=dologin&fhash=hbUjHVrQIgHkwdMdNGnPrSiIkVBeWcrOvJpmsXgyNuMewKfKGy’
    par = {
    
        ‘email’: ‘Jason’,
        ‘user_pwd’: ‘TWlKaGRrRFJrQXJZZlFXYkh5WlNQZ2tpZkFZQlVlUUhyRE5SdndSUGdKanFDTG1LYUYlMjV1NjVCOSUyNXU3RUY0emdwMTIzNDU2JTI1dThGNkYlMjV1NEVGNg==‘,
        ‘auto_login’: 0,
        ‘ajax’: 1
    }
    res = requests.post(url, data=par)
    return res.cookies
#2.  Call the recharge interface 
#2.1  obtain cookie value 
cookie = getCookie()
#2.2  Send a recharge request 
url = ‘http://localhost/fw/member.php?ctl=uc_money&act=incharge_done’
par = {
    
    ‘check_ol_bl_pay’:’on’,
    ‘money’:1000,
    ‘bank_id’:0,
    ‘memo’:234567890,
    ‘payment’:5,
}
# Send a recharge request 
res1 = requests.post(url,data=par,cookies=cookie,allow_redirects=False)            #  Automatically redirected , You can cancel automatic redirection 
print(res1.status_code)
print(res1.reason)
print(res1.headers)
     So let's create one session object , All requests use this session Object to send 
import requests
#1.  Send login request 
url = ‘http://localhost/fw/index.php?ctl=user&act=dologin&fhash=hbUjHVrQIgHkwdMdNGnPrSiIkVBeWcrOvJpmsXgyNuMewKfKGy’
par = {
    
    ‘email’: ‘Jason’,
    ‘user_pwd’: ‘TWlKaGRrRFJrQXJZZlFXYkh5WlNQZ2tpZkFZQlVlUUhyRE5SdndSUGdKanFDTG1LYUYlMjV1NjVCOSUyNXU3RUY0emdwMTIzNDU2JTI1dThGNkYlMjV1NEVGNg==‘,
    ‘auto_login’: 0,
    ‘ajax’: 1
}
# Create a seesion object , Use this later session Object to send a request 
ses = requests.session()
# Send login request , Back to cookie Values are automatically saved to session In the object 
response1 = ses.post(url,data=par)
#2.  Send a recharge request 
url = ‘http://localhost/fw/member.php?ctl=uc_money&act=incharge_done’
par = {
    
    ‘check_ol_bl_pay’:’on’,
    ‘money’:1000,
    ‘bank_id’:0,
    ‘memo’:234567890,
    ‘payment’:5,
}
response2 = ses.post(url,data=par,allow_redirects=False)
print(response2.headers)

5、 Project management, maintenance and optimization
(1)、 Data driven —— Realize the separation of interface use case data and script We put the interface use case data in Excel In the table , Because every interface contains ： Request address , Request mode , Request parameters , And the response data ; So in Excel The table organizes our interface use case data in the following way , It includes the following contents ： Use case name , Request address , Request mode , Request header , Request parameters , Expected results （ Assertion ） Then we will package a function to read Excel data , Pass it to the script in the form of parameters , The specific operation steps are as follows ：

    install xlrd library 
    pip install xlrd
     call xlrd In the library API Function Excel Reading of table data 
# Encapsulate a read Excel Functions of table data 
# Yes Excel Reading table data requires a library ——xlrd library 
import xlrd
def get_data(filename,sheetname):
    #1.  open Excel file 
    workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(filename)    
    #2.  open Excel A table in the file 
    sheet = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheetname)   
    #3.  Read the contents of the table 
    list = []
    for I in range(1,sheet.nrows):
        data = sheet.row_values(i)
        list.append(data)  
    return list
if __name__==‘__main__’:
    result = get_data(‘D:\\JMeter\\1947_Project\\cxy-project02\\data\\ Interface use case data .xls’,’ Sign in ’)
    print(result)
     Problem solving 1
 Engineering problems ：
    1、 No installation xlrd
    2、 Didn't put xlrd Import the project

(2)、unittest frame effect ： Used to manage use cases , Load use cases , Execute use cases principle ： There are several core components 1、 Test firmware setUp() Before each use case is executed , The first thing to do is setUp() Method , stay setUp() Method such as ： Connect to database , Later, we will Web UI When functions are automated , You can open the browser here , To configure tearDown() After each use case is executed , Recycle some resources , such as ： Close the database , Close the browser 2、 The test case Each use case needs to implement a use case method , Every use case method must be expressed in test start 3、 test suite When executing use cases , You need to create a test suite , Add use cases to the test suite . 4、 loader Used to load use cases , Add test cases to the test suite 5、 actuator Used to execute the use cases in the test suite How to use unittest Framework to write use cases

#1.  Guide pack 
import time
import unittest
import requests
from common.excelUtils import get_data
import paramunittest
# Read excel Data in the table 
list = get_data(‘D:\\JMeter\\1947_Project\\cxy-project02\\data\\ Interface use case data .xls’,’ Sign in ’)
#2.  Define a class , To inherit unittest.TestCase
@paramunittest.parametrized(*list)                  #  quote list All data in 
class FwLogin(unittest.TestCase):
    def setParameters(self,case_name,url,method,headers,params,assert_info):
        ‘’’
         How many use cases , How many times will this function be executed , This function will be executed before each use case , Extract the data .
        :param case_name:
        :param url:
        :param method:
        :param headers:
        :param params:
        :param assert_info:
        :return:
        ‘’’
        self.case_name = str(case_name)
        self.url = str(url)
        self.method = str(method)
        self.headers = str(headers)
        self.params = str(params)
        self.assert_info = str(assert_info)
    #1.  Implement a use case method 
    def test_login_case(self):
        time.sleep(5)
        #1.  Organizational parameters 
        self.headers= eval(self.headers)                #  Convert strings to dictionaries 
        self.params = eval(self.params)
        #2.  Send the request 
        if self.method == ‘POST’:
            response = requests.post(self.url,data=self.params,headers=self.headers)
        else:
            response = requests.get(self.url,params=self.params,headers=self.headers)
        #3.  Check , Assertion 
        self.check_result(response)
    def check_result(self,response):
        ‘’’
         Assertion    Of inspection results 
        :param response:
        :return:
        ‘’’
        self.assert_info = eval(self.assert_info)           # Expected results 
        try:
            self.assertEqual(response.status_code,200,’ Response status code error ’)
            self.assertEqual(response.reason,’OK’,’ The response code of the response is wrong ’)
            self.assertDictEqual(response.json(),self.assert_info,’ The body content of the response is inconsistent ！’)
            print(‘%s The test case passed ！’ %self.case_name)
        except AssertionError as e:
            print(‘%s The test case fails ！%s’ %(self.case_name,e))
 
if __name__ == ‘__main__’:
    unittest.main()

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