Review questions of anatomy and physiology · VIII blood system

Blood system

Noun explanation question

1.  Hemorrhage

Blood vessels are damaged and ruptured , The process of blood outflow .

2.  Coagulation

The process by which blood changes from a flowing liquid state to an immobile gel state .

3.  Fibrinolysis

Fibrin is decomposed and liquefied .

4.  serum

Components of plasma after fibrinogen removal .

Q & A questions

1.  Briefly describe the types and functions of plasma proteins .

Albumin ： Maintain plasma colloid osmotic pressure , transport .
Globulin ： transport , Immunity .
Fibrinogen ： Coagulation .

2.  Briefly describe the types and functions of leukocytes .

Neutrophils ： Devour bacteria 、 Aging red blood cells 、 Antigen antibody complex 、 Necrotic cells .
Eosinophils ： The occurrence of allergy 、 Adjust the , Antiparasitic .
Basophil ： Participate in allergic reactions .
monocyte ： Enter the tissue and become macrophages to devour bacteria 、 Grain , Release cytokines , Induce and regulate immune response .
Lymphocytes ： Participate in specific immune response .

3.  Briefly describe the process of physiological hemostasis .

Including vasoconstriction 、 Platelet thrombosis 、 Blood clots 3 A process .
When the blood vessel is damaged , Vasoconstriction in and around the damaged area , Reduce local blood flow ;
After vascular injury , Platelet activation , adhere 、 Release 、 After agglutination , To form a thrombus , Preliminary hemostasis .
meanwhile , Platelets produce prothrombin activators , Convert prothrombin to thrombin , Thrombin promotes the transformation of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin , Combine with thrombus to strengthen hemostasis .

4.  Briefly describe the mechanism of prothrombin activation （ Exogenous 、 Endogenous pathways ）.

Exogenous ： tissue damage —— Tissue factor TF With calcium ion 、 factor VIIa combination , Activator X.
Endogenous ： collagen / Foreign matter causes factor XIIa Activate ,XIIa Then make the factor XIa Activate ,XIa Make factor IXa Activate , With calcium ion 、 factor VIIIa、 Platelet phospholipid membrane binding , Activator X.

5.  Briefly describe the fibrinolysis mechanism .

Plasminogen activator converts plasminogen into plasmin , Fibrinolytic enzymes catalyze the degradation of fibrin into soluble substances .

6.  How does the human body maintain the stability of coagulation and anticoagulation ？

Vascular endothelium has anticoagulant effect , Can release antiplatelet aggregates 、 Anticoagulants, etc .
Fibrin can adsorb thrombin , Blood flow can dilute activated coagulation factors , The mononuclear macrophage system can phagocytize activated coagulation factors .
There are also many physiological anticoagulants in the body , Such as antithrombin 、 heparin 、 protein C、TFPI etc. .

7.  Why serious liver dysfunction may affect abnormal coagulation function ？

Because there are many important substances in the process of coagulation （ Such as coagulation factors 、 Fibrinogen, etc ） It is mainly produced in liver cells , Hepatocyte disorders affect the synthesis of these substances , So that the coagulation function is abnormal ..