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TCP/IP—传输层
2022-07-02 06:29:00 【藤原千花的败北】
TCP/IP—传输层
应用层是应用程序进入网络的接口,应用数据封装过后进入传输层。传输层定义了主机应用程序之间端到端的连通性。传输层最为常见的两个协议分别为传输控制协议TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)和用户数据报协议UDP(User Datagram Protocol)。
什么是端口号?
当电脑收到一个数据包,如何区分这个数据包是哪个应用程序的?
在传输层新增一个端口号,用来区分不同的程序。有一些网络应用程序极为常见,端口号也用来区分不同的网络服务。(端口号对应上层协议,协议对应不同服务)
常见端口号(基于C/S模型的服务)
传输层概述
- 传输层提供端到端的连接
- 网络层提供点到点的连接
传输层协议
TCP和UDP数据包结构对比
TCP会话建立—三次握手:
TCP会话的终止—四次挥手
TCP和UDP的对比
传输控制协议(TCP) | 用户数据报协议(UDP) |
---|---|
面向连接 | 无连接 |
可靠传输 | 尽力而为的传输 |
支持流控及窗口机制 | 无流控及窗口机制 |
HTTP、FTP等 | TFTP、DNS、DHCP等 |
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