What are the characteristics and functions of the scientific thinking mode of mechanical view and system view

Mechanical materialism view of nature

1、 Nature is made up of matter , Matter is made up of indivisible particles .
2、 Nature has absolute invariance , Nature and time 、 Controls are immutable .
3、 The material movement in nature is affected by external forces 、 Mechanical motion following the law of cause and effect , The process of the universe can be expressed by simple mathematical equations .
4、 Nature is influenced by God ‘ Purpose ’ control .
5、 Understand nature in a metaphysical way of thinking .
6、 Both man and nature are machines , And it is discrete .

The basic characteristics of mechanical materialism natural view

1、 mechanical . Call all the movements in nature mechanical ,‘ All qualitative differences can be attributed to quantitative differences and changes ’.
2、 Incompleteness . Both recognize the materiality of nature , It also advocates the absolute invariance of nature , Material movement comes from God “ First push ” etc. .
3、 Metaphysical . With isolation 、 Static view explains nature ,“ Finally, it belongs to the idealist camp where the creator created the whole nature ”.

The role of mechanical materialism in the view of nature

1、 Create conditions for the formation of dialectical materialism of nature . It is based on Modern Natural Science , Emphasize the objectivity of the existence of nature 、 Materiality and regularity of development , Breaking through the fetters of the medieval theological view of nature , It inherits the ideological tradition of simple materialistic view of nature .
2、 It provides the basis for the formation of dialectical materialist view of nature . It is based on Modern Natural Science , Cultivate the scientific spirit of seeking truth and noble rationality , It promotes the cognition of nature from paying attention to theological doctrines to empirical facts 、 From thinking and imagination to observation, experiment and mathematical reasoning 、 From focusing on religion as the standard of judging cognition to focusing on practice as the standard of judging cognition ; It emphasizes the study of nature by scientific methods such as observation, experiment and analysis .

Systematic view of nature

1、 Nature exists in a systematic way , It's simplicity and complexity 、 Constitutive and generative 、 A material system in which certainty and random memory are unified .
2、 The system is a whole composed of several elements through nonlinear interaction , It is open 、 dynamic 、 Integrity and hierarchy .
3、 The evolution of nature is irreversible , Bifurcation and emergence are the basic ways of its evolution , Open away from equilibrium 、 Nonlinear action and fluctuation constitute the mechanism of its evolution .
4、“ Nature has experienced chaos - Orderly - New chaotic orderly cyclic development process ”.

The basic characteristics of systematic view of nature

1、 systematicness . It is the “ System ” As a way of existence in nature , It highlights the integrity and universal connection of nature .
2、 complexity . He emphasized that nature is complex in nature , It's complexity and simplicity 、 Generative and constitutive 、 Linear and nonlinear 、 The unity of certainty and randomness .
3、 Evolution . It emphasizes that nature is uncertain in its own duty 、 Evolutionary , It exists in evolution 、 Equivalence and non equivalence 、 Unity of identity and difference .
4、 Generalized . It reveals the existence and evolution of natural and social systems .

The role of systematic view of nature

1、 It enriches and develops Marxist material theory . It emphasizes the objective reality and systematicness of nature , Emphasize the cyclic evolution of natural systems , Emphasize the unity of time and control in the structure of natural system .
2、 It enriches and develops Marxist epistemology and methodology . It advocates systematic thinking , From understanding material entities to understanding system relations , Enriched and developed the dialectical thinking mode ; it “ Adhere to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature ”,“ Overall management of the system of landscape, forest, land, lake and grass ”; it “ Pay attention to systematization 、 entirety 、 Synergy is the internal requirement of comprehensively deepening reform , It is also an important way to promote reform ”.
3、 It enriches and develops Marxist theory of value . It gets rid of the shackles of traditional values , The value relationship between man and nature is a systematic relationship , It has reached a dialectical understanding of the value relationship between man and nature .
4、 It enriches and develops Marxist theory of practice . It advocates that the practical relationship between man and nature is a systematic relationship , And determines the evolution of the relationship between man and nature , Realized the view of nature 、 Cognitive view 、 methodology 、 Dialectical unity between supervisors .