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1.command,shell,raw,script模块的作用和区别

command、shell模块:

相同点：要求受管主机上安装Python。

不同点：command可以在受管主机上执行shell命令，但是不支持环境变量和操作符（例如 ‘|’, ‘<’, ‘>’, ‘&’）

shell模块调用的/bin/sh指令执行。

raw模块:

不需要受管主机上安装Python，直接使用远程shell运行命令，通常用于无法安装Python的系统（例如网络设备等）。

command 模块的使用: 去执行一个脚本文件command.sh, command.sh文件的功能是echo “I am command module”

[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m command -a "bash command chdir=/root"
node2.example.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
I am command module

shell模块执行命令 ls /root | grep txt

[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a "ls /root | grep txt"
node2.example.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
file.txt

raw模块执行pwd命令

[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m shell -a "pwd"
node2.example.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/home/student

script模块执行 script.sh文件，文件的内容为 echo “I am script module”

[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m script -a "/root/script.sh"
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    
    "changed": true,
    "rc": 0,
    "stderr": "Shared connection to node2.example.com closed.\r\n",
    "stderr_lines": [
        "Shared connection to node2.example.com closed."
    ],
    "stdout": "I am script module\r\n",
    "stdout_lines": [
        "I am script module"
    ]
}

2.file模块：

创建文件，并指定用户，用户组为student， 且权限为600

[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m file -a "path=/root/file2 state=touch owner=student group=student mode=600 "
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    
    "ansible_facts": {
    
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "dest": "/root/file2",
    "gid": 1001,
    "group": "student",
    "mode": "0600",
    "owner": "student",
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
    "size": 0,
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 1001
}

创建目录，并指定用户，用户组为student, 且权限为755

[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m file -a "path=/root/dir state=directory owner=student group=student mode=755 "
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    
    "ansible_facts": {
    
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "gid": 1001,
    "group": "student",
    "mode": "0755",
    "owner": "student",
    "path": "/root/dir",
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
    "size": 6,
    "state": "directory",
    "uid": 1001
}

创建链接文件

[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m file -a "path=/root/file3 src=/root/file1 state=link"
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    
    "ansible_facts": {
    
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "dest": "/root/file3",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "mode": "0777",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
    "size": 11,
    "src": "/root/file1",
    "state": "link",
    "uid": 0
}

删除第一个创建的文件

[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m file -a "path=/root/file1 state=absent"
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    
    "ansible_facts": {
    
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "path": "/root/file1",
    "state": "absent"
}

3.copy

复制文件

[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m copy -a "src=/root/file1 dest=/root/"
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    
    "ansible_facts": {
    
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/libexec/platform-python"
    },
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709",
    "dest": "/root/file1",
    "gid": 0,
    "group": "root",
    "md5sum": "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e",
    "mode": "0644",
    "owner": "root",
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
    "size": 0,
    "src": "/home/student/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1659622665.9384096-11300-258171013076166/source",
    "state": "file",
    "uid": 0
}

复制目录

[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m copy -a "src=/root/dir1 dest=/root/"
node2.example.com | SUCCESS => {
    
    "changed": false,
    "dest": "/root/",
    "src": "/root/dir1"
}

4.fetch

从被控制主机上取文件

[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m fetch -a "src=/root/file.txt dest=/root/ flat=yes"
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    
    "changed": true,
    "checksum": "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709",
    "dest": "/root/file.txt",
    "md5sum": "d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e",
    "remote_checksum": "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709",
    "remote_md5sum": null
}

5.synchronize

pull: 从被控制主机上拉取目录

[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m synchronize -a "src=/root/file3 dest=/root/ mode=pull"
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    
    "changed": true,
    "cmd": "/usr/bin/rsync --delay-updates -F --compress --archive --rsh='/usr/bin/ssh -S none -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null' --rsync-path='sudo -u root rsync' --out-format='<<CHANGED>>%i %n%L' [email protected]:/root/file3 /root/",
    "msg": "cL+++++++++ file3 -> /root/file1\n",
    "rc": 0,
    "stdout_lines": [
        "cL+++++++++ file3 -> /root/file1"
    ]
}

push：往被控制主机上推送目录

[[email protected] ~]# ansible test -m synchronize -a "src=/root/2 dest=/root/ mode=push"
node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    
    "changed": true,
    "cmd": "/usr/bin/rsync --delay-updates -F --compress --archive --rsh='/usr/bin/ssh -S none -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null' --rsync-path='sudo -u root rsync' --out-format='<<CHANGED>>%i %n%L' /root/2 [email protected]:/root/",
    "msg": "<f+++++++++ 2\n",
    "rc": 0,
    "stdout_lines": [
        "<f+++++++++ 2"
    ]
}