Intermediate use tutorial of postman [environment variables, test scripts, assertions, interface documents, etc.]

Postman

First of all, introduce a way to transfer to Chinese version ,GitHub link ：https://github.com/hlmd/Postman-cn

Preface

This paper is about postman Intermediate use tutorial , Suitable for a certain postman Basic friends read , If not used postman Or similar software , Reading this article may be uncomfortable .

environment variable

New environment variable

Defined global variables and environment variables , It can be referenced in the interface .

When adding an environment, you can click the plus sign in the upper left corner , Then add the public variables you want to use in the environment .

This function is generally used for things like url Prefix This kind of variable will be reused in many places .

The reference method is to put the variable you want to reference between two curly braces , for example ：{ {url}}

Like this ：

Of course, if you need to switch in multiple environments , There is no need to always modify url Value , You can create several more environment variables , Then switch quickly in the upper right corner ：

Switch environment variables

Click the small eye to see what variables are in the environment you are currently using ：

Interface Association

In fact, it also uses global variables

Write test script

Pre request script and test script can be written js Code , The difference between them is , The pre request script is run before sending the request , The test script is run after sending .

Get the data in the test script and set it as a global variable , For example, when logging in token：

var result = postman.getResponseHeader("token");

console.log(result);

pm.globals.set("token", result);

The global variables set in this way token Can be used on other interfaces , Use { {token}} To reference variables .

Of course , You can also use regular expressions to get variables , Just use it js Write regular , There is not much here .

Dynamic parameters

Built in dynamic parameters

• { {$timestamp}} Generate timestamp of current time
• { {$randomint}} Generate 0-1000 Between random numbers
• { {$guid}} Generate shorthand GUID character string

Custom dynamic parameters

Pass in the pre request script js Code to set variables , Use when using { {times}} To get variables , It is similar to the test script written in Interface Association .

var times = Date.now();

pm.globals.set("times", times);

How to get global variables ：

pm.globals.get("token", result);
global["token"];
global.token;

Assertion

Assertions can be used to determine whether the request is successful , Used for automated testing .

postman Support multiple assertion methods , On the right side of the test script, you can see , Click the blue word to get the code directly ：

Here are some common ：

pm.test("Status code is 200", function () {
    
	pm.response.to.have.status(200);
});
pm.test("Body matches string", function () {
    
	pm.expect(pm.response.text()).to.include("string_you_want_to_search");
});
pm.test("Your test name", function () {
    
	var jsonData = pm.response.json();
	pm.expect(jsonData.value).to.eql(100);
});
pm.test("Body is correct", function () {
    
	pm.response.to.have.body("response_body_string");
});

MokeService

Create an impersonation server . Before the back-end interface is developed , The front end wants to call the interface , You can use it first postman Simulation server functions provided .

Create an impersonation server , Just set the request name ,postman It will automatically generate a url For your temporary use , The url It can be accessed directly through the external network , But the returned data is fixed , But it's enough for the front-end to use temporarily .

Write interface documentation

There is a document button on the right side of each interface , Click to edit the description of the current interface ：

The tested interface and written documents can directly generate documents , You can see ：

Then there is a Publish button in the upper right corner of the document , Clicking publish seems to generate online documents , But I haven't used .

Save test samples

Send the completed request , You can save the request results , Provide reference for others .

The saved example will be displayed in the left set , Placed under this interface .

Conclusion

The above content only describes the general method of use , You still need to use it yourself , If this article helps you , Welcome to my collection .