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Unit test - unittest framework
2022-07-06 11:55:00 【mb61037a3723f67】
One ： Unittest Core elements ：
1： Core element concept
- TestCase: The test case
TestCase Inherited from unittest.TestCase
The test method must be test start
- TestSuit: test suite
test suite ： Integrating multiple test cases together is the test suite .
1： Instantiate the test suite suite = unittest.TestSuite()
2: Add test cases to the test suite suite.addTest(MyTest(‘test_xxx’))
- TextTestRunner:
Test the actuator ： Used to execute the test suite
1: Instantiate the test executor ： runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
2: Execute test suite ： runner.run(suite)
- FixTure: summary ：
Pre and post methods are implemented in the test case class , Then this test class is a Fixture.
For example, the ： setUp() and tearDown
2： Test flow chart ：
3: Case demonstration execution process ：
# 1: Guide pack
import unittest
# 2： Prepare test class
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_1(self):
print(" This is a ：test_1")
def test_2(self):
print(" This is a ：test_2")
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 3: Add test cases to In the test suite .
# Instantiate the test suite
suite = unittest.TestSuite()
# Add test cases to the test suite .
suite.addTest(MyTest('test_1'))
suite.addTest(MyTest('test_2'))
# 4： Run the test cases in the container
# Instantiate the test executor
runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
runner.run(suite)
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demonstration ：
4： defaultTestLoader： Test cases under the specified directory are automatically added to the test suite
# 1: Guide pack
import unittest
# 2： Prepare test class
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_1(self):
print(" This is a ：test_1")
def test_2(self):
print(" This is a ：test_2")
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Set the test_1.demo.py All the test cases in are loaded into the test suite .
suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover("./", "test_1_demo.py")
# Run test cases
runner = unittest.TextTestRunner()
runner.run(suite)
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Two ： unittest Use
1：unittest Use steps
- unittest The default order of loading scripts is ： according to ASCII Code sequence loading , The order of numbers and letters is ：0-9,A-Z,a-z
""" unittest Basic use of """
# 1： Import unittest package
import unittest
# 2: Create test case classes
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
print("setUpClass")
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
print("tearDownClass")
def setUp(self):
print("setup")
def tearDown(self):
print("tearDown")
def test_s(self):
print("test_s")
a = 1 + 1
self.assertEqual(a, 2, " The result is not 2")
def test_b(self):
print("test_b")
b = 1 + 2
self.assertEqual(b, 2, " The result is not 2")
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
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Running results ：
2: unittest The provided assertion function [ Look up the table ]
3： A parameterized ：
problem ： If a test case needs to pass parameters , How to deliver ？？
1: Installation package ：
pip install parameterized -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
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2： Case study ：
# 1: Guide pack
import unittest
from parameterized import parameterized
# 2： Create test class
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
@parameterized.expand([('renshanwen', 23), ('niuniu', 25)])
def test_param(self, name, age):
print("name: %s, age: %s" % (name, age))
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
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3： Running effect ：
3、 ... and : mock Use ：
1: mock Principle ：
Mock yes Python A library for supporting unit testing in , Its main function is to use mock Object replaces the specified Python object , To simulate the behavior of the object .
2：mock Basic use of
return_value Use
Case study ： Business needs ： Because a piece of code has not been implemented , But you need to return a 250 The number of , You need to use mock Replace unimplemented code , Return to one 250 The number of , The purpose is to make the test process run smoothly .
# 1: Guide pack
import unittest
import unittest.mock
# 2: Create simulated classes
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_return(self):
# Create one that can return 250 Callable object of
mock_obj = unittest.mock.Mock(return_value=250)
# call mocke object , Get the return value
ret = mock_obj()
print(ret)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
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side_effect Use ：
1： utilize side_effect Pass an exception ：
# 1: Guide pack
import unittest
import unittest.mock
# 2: Create simulated classes
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_return(self):
# Create one that can return 250 Callable object of
mock_obj = unittest.mock.Mock(side_effect=BaseException(" Custom exception "))
# call mocke object , Get the return value
ret = mock_obj()
print(ret)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
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2： Use side_effect Pass an array ：
import unittest.mock
# 2: Create simulated classes
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_return(self):
# Create one that can return 250 Callable object of
mock_obj = unittest.mock.Mock(side_effect=[1, 2, 3])
# call mocke object , Get the return value
for i in range(3):
print(mock_obj())
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
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3： Use side_effect Pass a function :
# 1: Guide pack
import unittest
import unittest.mock
# 2: Create simulated classes
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_return(self):
def sum_ab(a, b):
return a + b
# Create one that can return 250 Callable object of
mock_obj = unittest.mock.Mock(side_effect=sum_ab)
# call mocke object , Get the return value
print(mock_obj(1, 2))
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
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mock The case of ：
Business needs ： Now there is a need ： A Responsible for developing payment function , however A Not developed yet .B Responsible for the payment status module , Already completed ,B Call in code A Write the code of the payment function . Now ask C test B Whether the written code meets the requirements ,C How to test ？？
answer ： Use mock Replace A Write the function , And then call B When you write a function, you will call our mock, Not invoke A Unfinished code .
import unittest
import unittest.mock
import pay
import pay_status
class TestPay(unittest.TestCase):
def test_success(self):
# Use one mock Instead of pay Medium pay_way function
pay.pay_way = unittest.mock.Mock(return_value={"result": "success", "reason":"null"})
# Embezzle the function to be tested
ret = pay_status.pay_way_status()
self.assertEqual(ret, ' Successful payment ', ' Failure to pay ')
def test_fail(self):
pay.pay_way = unittest.mock.Mock(return_value={"result": "fail", "reason":" Lack of balance "})
ret = pay_status.pay_way_status() # Call the payment status function
self.assertEqual(ret, ' Failure to pay ', ' Test to fail ')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
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mock Side effects ：
Tips ： When we use mock After dropping an object , By default , The code executed later will be affected , For example, other test cases , Other code , As long as these codes are in mock After that, the implementation will be affected .
import unittest
import unittest.mock
import pay
import pay_status
class TestPay(unittest.TestCase):
def test_success(self):
# Use one mock Instead of pay Medium pay_way function
pay.pay_way = unittest.mock.Mock(return_value={"result": "success", "reason":"null"})
# Embezzle the function to be tested
ret = pay_status.pay_way_status()
self.assertEqual(ret, ' Successful payment ', ' Failure to pay ')
def test_success2(self):
# Embezzle the function to be tested
ret = pay_status.pay_way_status()
self.assertEqual(ret, ' Successful payment ', ' Failure to pay ')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
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For the above code ,test_success2, We didn't use it mock Instead of , The results also used mock. The reason is that mock Once used , The test cases executed later can only be used mock, You can't use the original function .
Limit mock There are only two ways to act on the current function
1: patch Decorator ：
1: Add a decorator on it : @mock.patch(‘ Replaced function path ’)
2： Function adds another incoming value .
3： Directly use inside the function The name of the incoming value .return_value = { Return value key value pair }
import unittest
from unittest import mock
import pay
import pay_status
class TestPay(unittest.TestCase):
@mock.patch('pay.pay_way')
def test_success(self, mock_pay_way):
# Use one mock Instead of pay Medium pay_way function
mock_pay_way.return_value={"result": "success", "reason":"null"}
# Embezzle the function to be tested
ret = pay_status.pay_way_status()
self.assertEqual(ret, ' Successful payment ', ' Failure to pay ')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
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2： patch Context manager ：
1: Function internal use : with mock.patch(‘ Replaced function path ’) as Alias ：
2: Alias .return_value = { Return value key value pair }
import unittest
from unittest import mock
import pay
import pay_status
class TestPay(unittest.TestCase):
def test_success(self):
with mock.patch('pay.pay_way') as mock_pay_way:
# Use one mock Instead of pay Medium pay_way function
mock_pay_way.return_value={"result": "success", "reason":"null"}
# Embezzle the function to be tested
ret = pay_status.pay_way_status()
self.assertEqual(ret, ' Successful payment ', ' Failure to pay ')
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
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Replacement of class methods ：
- mock.patch.object( class , ‘ Method name ’) Returns the mock object
What has just been replaced above are some functions , If you want to replace a function in a class, how to operate ？？？
from unittest import mock
import unittest
class Pay(object):
def pay_way(self):
""" Suppose this is a payment function , Not yet developed
Payment successful return ：{"result": "success", "reason":"null"}
Payment failure returns ：{"result": "fail", "reason":" Lack of balance "}
reason Return the failure reason
"""
raise NotImplementedError(' The code has not been implemented ')
def pay_way_status(self):
""" According to the result of the payment success or fail, Judge to jump to the corresponding page
Suppose the functions here have been developed """
# todo here pay_way() Function not completed ！ Let's assume he's finished
result = self.pay_way()
print(result)
if result["result"] == "success":
return " Successful payment "
if result["result"] == "fail":
return " Failure to pay "
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Scheme 1 ： The traditional way ：
1: Instantiate this class first
2： object . Replaced function = mock.Mock(return_value = { Returned key value pairs })
3： object . The function under test ()
class TestPayStatues(unittest.TestCase):
''' Unit Test Case '''
def test_success1(self):
''' Test payment success scenarios '''
p = Pay() # Instantiate objects
p.pay_way = mock.Mock(return_value = {"result": "success", "reason":"null"})
statues = p.pay_way_status()
print(statues)
self.assertEqual(statues, " Successful payment ")
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Option two ： Decorator
1： Add decorators to the test function :@mock.patch.object( class , ‘ The name of the method being replaced ’)
2： Adding a function to pass values ,def test_success2(self, mock_obj):
3： Use the new value .return_value = { Returned key value pairs }
4： Instantiate the class . Tested function ()
class TestPayStatues(unittest.TestCase):
@mock.patch.object(Pay, 'pay_way')
def test_success2(self, mock_obj):
''' Test payment success scenarios '''
mock_obj.return_value = {"result": "success", "reason":"null"}
# Test page Jump based on payment results
statues = Pay().pay_way_status()
print(statues)
self.assertEqual(statues, " Successful payment ")
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Option three ： Use whith Context
1: with mock.patch.object( class , ‘ The name of the method being replaced ’) as New name
2： New name .return_value = {}
3: Instantiate the class . Tested function ()
class TestPayStatues(unittest.TestCase):
def test_success3(self):
''' Test payment success scenarios '''
with mock.patch.object(Pay, 'pay_way') as mock_obj:
mock_obj.return_value = {"result": "success", "reason":"null"}
# Test page Jump based on payment results
statues = Pay().pay_way_status()
print(statues)
self.assertEqual(statues, " Successful payment ")
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mock Two properties of ：
- mock.called: decision mock Whether it has been called .
- mock.call_count : decision mock Number of calls .
Case test ：
import unittest
import unittest.mock
class MockTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_return_value(self):
mock_obj = unittest.mock.Mock(return_value=1999)
result = mock_obj()
print(result) # Print 1999
print(mock_obj.called) # Whether it has been called , Returns a Boolean value
print(mock_obj.call_count) # Get call test , Return to call the test
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
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Four ： Test report
1：HTMLTestRunner
1： Installation package ：
pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple htmltestrunner-python3
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2： Core code ：
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 1. Add test cases to suite In the container
suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover('./', 'test_1_html.py')
# 2. Open file , It's a file object
with open('./HTMLTestRunner.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
# 3. HTMLTestRunner() Create a runner object
runner = HTMLTestRunner(
stream=f, # The file to which the test report needs to be written
verbosity=2, # The level of detail of the console output information , The default is 1
title=' This is the title of the report ', # Title of test report
description=' This is a test report ' # Description of test report
)
# 4. runner Run the test cases in the container
runner.run(suite)
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2： BeautifulReport
1: Installation package ：
pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple beautifulreport
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2： Core code ：
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 1. Add test cases to suite In the container
suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover('./', 'test_2_beautiful.py')
# 2. establish runner object , At the same time suite Let's enter
runner = BeautifulReport(suite)
# 3. function , At the same time, generate test reports
# Parameters 1： Comments for the generated file , Parameters 2： Generate a file of filename, Parameters 3： Generate report File storage path for
runner.report(' The report description must have , Displayed in the report as the use case name ', ' Test report file name ', './')
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