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With the advent of tensorflow 2.0, can pytoch still shake the status of big brother?
2020-11-06 01:28:00 【Elementary school students in IT field】
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TensorFlow 2.0 preview
About TensorFlow 2.0 preview, Open source strategist at Google Edd Wilder-James An email that was to be made public introduced ,TensorFlow 2.0 The preview will be officially released this year , And called it a major milestone . Will focus on ease of use , and Eager Execution Will be TensorFlow 2.0 Core functions .
notes :“Eager Execution” It's an imperative 、 Interface defined by run , Once from Python Called to perform the operation immediately , This makes
TensorFlow It's easier to get started with , It also makes R & D more intuitive .
TensorFlow 2.0 go online
TensorFlow 2.0 preview Finally online , It seems that the stable version is not too far away from us —— Officially, it will be the first quarter of the year .
Google said , In the last few years ,TensorFlow Added a lot of components . adopt TensorFlow 2.0 A massive reconstruction of the version , These functions will be packaged into an integrated platform , Support the entire machine learning workflow from training to deployment . The figure below shows briefly TensorFlow 2.0 The new architecture of :
Note: Although the training section above focuses on Python API, however TensorFlow.js It also supports training models .TensorFlow 2.0 There is also varying degrees of support for other languages , Include Swift、R Language and Julia.
Market share
The global situation
2.0 The press conference also put TensorFlow My current background has been revealed : at present TF There have been more than 4100 Million downloads , The community has more than 1800 Multiple contributors .
A global map will be displayed at the press conference , But there is no disclosure about the Chinese community , How can this be ?
Official picture
An overview of China
Here is my Chinese search engine – Baidu index statistics through the search data to observe the two mainstream deep learning framework tensorflow And pytorch The change of , The results are as follows :
The picture above shows the two mainstream frameworks of deep learning in China in the past year tensorflow And pytorch Contrast between , It is obvious that
tensorflow Far better than pytorch. Especially in the presence of TF2.0 After the announcement , The search index gap has widened .
from Crowd attributes Come up and say 20~29 as well as 30-39 Between the crowd , Younger people are more likely to pytorch, Older programmers are more inclined to tensorflow.
TensorFlow And PyTorch difference
-
Installation environment
First of all, support on the system :all in . But it's worth noting that 2018Pytorch v0.4.0 Support windows Platform . -
CPU and GPU
TensorFlow Targeted CPU and GPU Install the module , and PyTorch Don't like TensorFlow The same has been specified CPU and GPU, If you want to support GPU and CPU, More code will be generated . -
setup script
be based on Anaconda Both of the two deep learning modules can be directly passed through Pip To install . -
Whether it's suitable for beginners
TensorFlow 1.x And PyTorch By contrast , Personally think that PyTorch many , But in tensorflow 2.0 After release, according to its new features ,Tensorflow 2.0 Will be in PyTorch Be roughly the same .
The following is a comparison of some specific aspects :
PyTorch And TensorFlow 1
For example, to calculate 1 + ½ + ¼ + ⅛ + … , Use PyTorch The code is obviously better than TensorFlow Simple :
Later from TensorFlow 1.4 Start , You can choose to start eager Pattern .
stay TensorFlow 2.0, eager execution By default , It doesn't need to be enabled :
You can find eager Patterns and PyTorch It's as simple as .
- In effect
I think it's for different needs 、 Different algorithms have different choices , There is no absolute good or bad .
TensorFlow2.0 New characteristics
Let's take a look at 2.0 New features of version :2.0 The version is simple 、 Clearer 、 Three characteristics of expansibility , Greatly simplify API; Improved TensorFlow Lite and TensorFlow.js The ability to deploy models ;
TensorFlow2.0 Alpha To sum up, i.e :
- Easier to use :
Such as tf.keras Wait for advanced API Will be easier to use ; also Eager execution Will be the default setting .
- Clearer :
Removed duplicate features ; Different API Call syntax is more consistent 、 intuitive ; Better compatibility .
- More flexible :
Provide complete low level API; Can be found in tf.raw_ops Access internal operations ; Provide variables 、checkpoint Inheritable interfaces to and layers .
A brief summary of the main changes
-
API clear
many API stay TF 2.0 To disappear or move . Some of the major changes include the deletion of tf.app,tf.flags And tf.logging, Open source support absl-py(Google Their own Python The code base ). -
Eager Execution Will become the core function
Probably TensorFlow 2.0 The most obvious change is to make Eager execution As the default priority mode . This means that any operation will run immediately after the call , We no longer need to predefine static diagrams , Re pass 「tf.Session.run()」 All parts of the executive chart .
# TensorFlow 1.X
outputs = session.run(f(placeholder), feed_dict={placeholder: input})
# TensorFlow 2.0
outputs = f(input)
- Code style with Keras Mainly
Many functions such as optimizer,loss,metrics Will be integrated into Keras in
- Support more platforms and languages
1.0 To 2.0 transition
Automatic transition
About code conversion : from TensorFlow1.0 To 2.0 Transition we use pip install TensorFlow 2.0 when , The system will automatically add tf_upgrade_v2( project Address ) , It can take the existing TensorFlow Python Code conversion to TensorFlow 2.0 Code .
# Usage method :
!tf_upgrade_v2
# choice input file, Output output file
tf_upgrade_v2 --infile foo.py --outfile foo-upgraded.py
# Transform the entire directory
tf_upgrade_v2 --intree coolcode --outtree coolcode-upgraded
Compatibility
To ensure TensorFlow 2.0 Still support your code , The upgrade script contains a compat.v1 modular . This module replaces TF
1.x Symbol tf.foo, Equivalent to tf.compat.v1.foo The reference is the same . Although the compatibility module is very good , But we recommend that you manually proofread the replacement and migrate it to tf. New in the namespace API, instead of tf.compat.v1..because TensorFlow
2.x Module is obsolete ( for example ,tf.flags and tf.contrib), So switch to compat.v1 Some can't fix changes . Upgrading this code may require the use of other libraries ( for example absl.flags) Or switch to tensorflow
/ addons In the package .
The above is from the official website
Summary
TensorFlow 2.0 A very powerful and mature deep learning library has been simplified , The point is to keras Mainly , I wonder if you understand keras, According to the official slogan , It is “ Design for human beings , It's not designed for machines API”. So he will be greatly optimized in terms of entry , If you have the following needs , that TensorFlow Is a good choice :
- Develop models that need to be deployed on mobile platforms
- Want rich learning resources in various forms (TensorFlow There are many development courses )
- Want or need to use Tensorboard
- Large scale distributed model training is needed
PyTorch Still a young framework , But it's growing faster and faster . If you have the following needs , It might be better for you :
- Rapid prototyping for small scale projects
- To study
reference
https://github.com/tensorflow/docs/blob/master/site/en/r2/guide/effective_tf2.md
https://tensorflow.google.cn/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTNH0tcscqo&t=304s
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