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Distinguish between basic disk and dynamic disk RAID disk redundant array
2022-07-06 17:48:00 【InfoQ】
One 、 What do you mean RAID
Two 、 Common disk redundancy levels
- RAID0
- RAID1
- RAID5
- RAID10
- RAID01
- RAID50
3、 ... and 、 meaning
RAID0
- RAID0 WithZoneForm stores data on two or more physical disks , Data is alternated 、 Allocate these disks equally . Read and write in parallel , At all levels ,RAID 0 The speed ofThe fastestOf , butNo redundancy.
- 10110001
RAID1
- RAID 1 Yes, it willSame dataCopy to two groups of physical disks at the same time . If one of them fails , The system can continue to use the undamaged disk ,Highest reliability, But its disk utilization is only 50%, It's all RAID Disk utilization in levelThe minimumA level of .
- 10110001
RAID5
- RAID5 It is to write data to the disks in the array , Put theParity dataStored interactively on each hard disk . Any hard disk is damaged , It can reconstruct the damaged data according to the check bits on other hard disks .RAID 5 In an arrayAt least three physical drives are required, The utilization rate of hard disk is n-1/n. Best value for money .
- Parity check (Parity Check) It's a kind ofVerify the correctness of code transmissionMethods . According to the bits of a set of binary code transmitted “1” The number of is odd or even to verify . Using odd numbers is called odd check , conversely , It's called even parity . What kind of calibration should be used is prescribed in advance . Usually, a special parity bit is set , Use it to make this set of code “1” The number of is odd or even . If odd check is used , When the receiver receives this set of codes , check “1” Whether the number of is odd , So as to determine the correctness of the transmission code .
- RAID5 Parity in
RAID10
- RAID 10 yesRAID 1andRAID0 The combination of , In all RAID In the hierarchy ,performance 、 The protection function and capacity are the bestOf . Most of the time ,RAID 10 It can withstand the failure of multiple disks , So the systemHigher availability, But in combination RAID 1 and RAID 0 Advantages at the same time ,RAID 10 There are also and RAID 1 The same redundancy , Disk utilization is too low .
- It applies toHigh security requirements、High load application scenarios, The default configuration of storage system high-end applications generally adopts RAID 10 Pattern .
RAID01
- RAID01 And RAID10 be similar , All are RAID0 and RAID1 The combination of . The difference is RAID01 Yes, first RAID0, After the RAID1. Both provide RAID1 Same data security , Also provided RAID0 Approximate storage performance
- RAID10 And RAID01
RAID50
- RAID 50 yes RAID 5 and RAID 0 The combination of , Inherited RAID 5 High disk utilization and RAID 0 Advantages of high speed ,RAID 50 Higher fault tolerance , Because it allows one disk in a group to fail , Without data loss . And because the parity is in RAID5 On the subdisk group , So the reconstruction speed has been greatly improved .RAID 50 Its advantages are higher fault tolerance and faster data read and write rates .
Four 、 Common volume groups
Simple volume
- The simple volume is inSeparate dynamic disksA volume in , It is similar to the partition of the basic disk . But it isThere is no space limitas well asThe limit of quantity. When the space of simple volume is insufficient , You can also expand the space by expanding the volume , And this will not affect the data in the slightest .
Cross region volume
- A cross region volume isOne contains multiple disksVolume of space on ( most 32 block ), The order in which data information is stored in a spanned volume is to fill the first disk and then gradually store it in the following disk . By creating a spanned volume , We canAllocate the free space in multiple physical disks into the same volume, Utilized resources . however , Cross region mergingCannot improve performance or fault tolerance.
Band volume (RAID0)
- The tape roll is made ofTwo or more hard disksThe composition of , Is that the empty size contributed by each hard disk must be the same , It is a dynamic volume , Must be created on a dynamic disk .Use of striped roll RAID-0, So that we can be inDistribute data on multiple disks. Striped volumes cannot be expanded or mirrored , And does not provide fault tolerance . If it contains one of the Striped volumesA disk has failed, beThe entire volume does not work.
Mirror volume (RAID1)
- The mirrored volume is a volume withA simple volume of identical copies, It needs two disks , A piece of data in operation , A copy that stores exactly the same , WhenWhen a disk fails,Another disk can be used immediately, Avoid data loss . Mirrored volumes provide fault tolerance , But it does not provide performance optimization .
RAID-5 volume
- So-called RAID5 The volume containsStriped volume of parity value,Windows Server 2016 Add a parity value for each disk in the volume set , In this way, the superior performance of the strip coil is ensured and , It also provides fault tolerance .RAID5 volumeInclude at least 3 Block disk, most 32 block , In the arrayAny disk failedwhen , FineCalculate from the information in the other two disks, And recover the data in the failed disk .
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