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1.五层网络模型
2022-07-05 02:41:00 【_语墨】

举例:
1.网络的五层模型
从上到下分别为:应用层、传输层、网络层、数据链路层、物理层。在发送消息时,消息从上到下进行打包,每一层会在上一层基础上加包,而接受消息时,从下到上进行解包,最终得到原始信息。
其中:
应用层主要面向互联网中的应用场景,比如网页、邮件、文件中心等等,它的代表协议有 http、smtp、pop3、ftp、DNS 等等
传输层主要面向传输过程,比如 TCP 协议是为了保证可靠的传输,而 UDP 协议则是一种无连接的广播,它们提供了不同的传输方式
网络层主要解决如何定位目标以及如何寻找最优路径的问题,比如 IP 等等
数据链路层的作用是将数据在一个子网(广播域)内有效传输,MAC地址、交换机都是属于该层的
物理层是要解决二进制数据到信号之间的互转问题,集线器、双绞线、同轴电缆等都是属于盖层的设备
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